Wendell Stanley crystallises tobacco mosaic virus, shocking biologists who thought 'alive' could not be a crystal. Jonas Salk's inactivated vaccine enters wide use; Albert Sabin's oral vaccine follows. Incidence collapses where campaigns hold.
Luc Montagnier's group isolates the retrovirus later named HIV; the 2008 Nobel recognised that lineage of work. Biology here is a borrowed timetable. The particle binds, the genome enters, host ribosomes translate viral proteins, new genomes are copied, and progeny leave by budding or lysis.
Mark each measure High, Any or Low for what you want. The fit number moves with every mark, and your marks follow you to the next page in this app.
| Measure | Viruses | Archaea | You want |
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| Familiarity | |||
| Medical weight | |||
| Benefit | |||
| Risk | |||
| Research | |||
| Live debate |
Mark at least one measure to see a fit number.
Scores are the atlas’s 0–100 teaching marks for each topic. They are not a diagnosis, a dose or a treatment choice.
Tick a point once you could explain it in your own words. Ticks stay on this device.
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All points done. Next: Open the topic: Viruses
Wendell Stanley crystallises tobacco mosaic virus, shocking biologists who thought 'alive' could not be a crystal. Jonas Salk's inactivated vaccine enters wide use; Albert Sabin's oral vaccine follows. Incidence collapses where campaigns hold.
Luc Montagnier's group isolates the retrovirus later named HIV; the 2008 Nobel recognised that lineage of work. Biology here is a borrowed timetable. The particle binds, the genome enters, host ribosomes translate viral proteins, new genomes are copied, and progeny leave by budding or lysis.
Latent viruses can sit as nucleic acid for years. That is persistence, not 'the virus is a bacterium hiding in a spore'. Headlines that say a virus 'mutated overnight' usually mean a large infected population plus selection, not a cartoon costume change.
A protein matches a receptor — sialic acids for some influenza strains, ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 in textbooks. Budding through membranes or bursting the cell. Transmission to the next host is ecology — droplets, contact, vectors — not a lab protocol.
This is education from the atlas. It does not diagnose and does not prescribe a dose. It does not replace the full topic page.
Next question: Archaea · Open the topic: Viruses
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