Una lámina de carbono de un átomo: Nobel, bombo en composites, pocos usos honestos.
También llamado: monocapa · 2-D carbon · CVD graphene
Grafeno is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under advanced: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.
Scores compare Grafeno with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.
Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.
Introducción profunda
Grafeno (C (honeycomb monolayer)) is a family of grades whose density areal mass ~0.77 mg/m², heat band 2-D stability is a lab story, and fire letter carbon; not a building product.
Grafeno is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry C (honeycomb monolayer), density areal mass ~0.77 mg/m², heat band 2-D stability is a lab story.
This atlas treats Grafeno as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.
Conductivity note: ~3000–5000 W/m·K in-plane (theory/exp bands). Insulation score 18/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win.
Fire letter in editorial use: carbon; not a building product. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.
Origin: Geim & Novoselov 2004, Manchester. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install.
Uses span buildings to defence / safety. Pairings matter: carbon-fiber.
Producers below are landmarks, not an endorsement ranking. Prices are bands, not live quotes.
Circularity mark 42/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year.
United Kingdom · 2004
Geim & Novoselov is a reference point in the public image of Grafeno.
United Kingdom · 2004
Scotch tape is a reference point in the public image of Grafeno.
Korea / US · 2010s
CVD copper roll is a reference point in the public image of Grafeno.
Global · 2007–
Grafeno oxide paper is a reference point in the public image of Grafeno.
Global · 2010s
Hexagonal BN hetero is a reference point in the public image of Grafeno.
United Kingdom · 2015
Manchester NGI is a reference point in the public image of Grafeno.
Global · historic
Pencil graphite is a reference point in the public image of Grafeno.
EU · 2013–
Flagship logo era is a reference point in the public image of Grafeno.
Activa o desactiva iconos: cada barra se reescala al líder de tu selección.
Misma familia, otras notas — elige un duelo.
Vecinos más cercanos en los seis ejes del atlas.
Filamentos de polímero con láminas tipo grafito: aero y bicis; el fuego es la resina.
Global 49 ✈️Alta resistencia específica y películas tolerantes a cloruros.
Global 58 🦺Poliamida aromática: paquetes balísticos, filtración en caliente, sustituto del amianto.
Global 62 🩺Ni–Ti casi equiatómico que recuerda forma y es superelástico: stents y ortodoncia.
Global 48Filamentos de polímero con láminas tipo grafito: aero y bicis; el fuego es la resina.
Global 49 ☁️Esponja de sílice nanométrica: λ entre los más bajos; frágil sin manta.
Global 60 🩺Ni–Ti casi equiatómico que recuerda forma y es superelástico: stents y ortodoncia.
Global 48 ☀️Haluros ABX3 que dispararon la eficiencia solar de laboratorio; humedad, plomo, vida.
Global 26