La espuma orgánica de baja λ de neveras y edificios. El fuego pide PIR y cubiertas honestas.
También llamado: PUR · PIR · rigid PU insulation
Espuma de poliuretano is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under thermal: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.
Scores compare Espuma de poliuretano with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.
Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.
Introducción profunda
Espuma de poliuretano (R-NH-COO-R′ network + blowing agent) is a family of grades whose density 30–60 kg/m³ rigid boards, heat band pyrolyses; does not melt cleanly, and fire letter typically E–B with facers; not A1.
Espuma de poliuretano is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry R-NH-COO-R′ network + blowing agent, density 30–60 kg/m³ rigid boards, heat band pyrolyses; does not melt cleanly.
This atlas treats Espuma de poliuretano as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.
Conductivity note: λ ~0.022–0.028 W/m·K (aged PIR boards, bands). Insulation score 88/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win.
Fire letter in editorial use: typically E–B with facers; not A1. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.
Origin: Otto Bayer 1937; fridge foam 1950s, Germany. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install.
Uses span buildings to defence / safety. Pairings matter: mineral-wool.
Producers below are landmarks, not an endorsement ranking. Prices are bands, not live quotes.
Circularity mark 32/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year.
Germany · 1937
Otto Bayer is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
Global · 1960s–
Refrigerator cabinet is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
Europe · 1990s–
PIR foil board is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
United States · 1970s–
Spray foam gun is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
North America · 1980s–
SIP panel is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
Global · 1960s–
Car seat foam is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
Global · 2010s
HFO molecule era is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
Global · 1970s–
Sandwich panel is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
Activa o desactiva iconos: cada barra se reescala al líder de tu selección.
Misma familia, otras notas — elige un duelo.
Vecinos más cercanos en los seis ejes del atlas.
Queratina rizada que atrapa aire quieto: sastrería, alfombras, fuego más honesto.
Global 53 🕯️Paquetes de calor latente que aplanan oscilaciones. Complemento, no sustituto de λ.
Global 36 🧴El plástico de mayor volumen: bolsas, botellas, tuberías y la fibra UHMWPE.
Global 40 📦Un sándwich de vacío sellado: λ ~0,004–0,008 hasta que el sobre filtra.
Global 44Roca o vidrio fundidos hilados en paneles A1: el aislamiento incombustible por defecto.
Global 69 📦Un sándwich de vacío sellado: λ ~0,004–0,008 hasta que el sobre filtra.
Global 44 🕯️Paquetes de calor latente que aplanan oscilaciones. Complemento, no sustituto de λ.
Global 36