Buildings
Structure, lining, insulation or finish depending on family.
Titanium · High specific strength and chloride-tolerant films — airframes, implants and seawater.
Titanium earns its keep in systems: a beam, a batt, a fibre blend, a coated steel — rarely a lone coupon.
Products below are cultural landmarks as much as SKUs.
Structure, lining, insulation or finish depending on family.
Mass, fire and fatigue rewrite the grade list.
Heat, voltage and hydrogen compatibility.
The volume that pays for the mill.
When allowed — extractables and allergies matter.
Ballistics, FR clothing, fire stops.
1940–
1952–
1964–1998
1960s–
1990s
1960s–
1980s–
1970s–
Cheaper mass where density is allowed.
Lighter still, but melts sooner and pits differently.
The Ni-Ti cousin that remembers shape.
The polymer-composite rival for aero mass.
If the pairing is wrong, the material will be blamed for a system fault.
The iron–carbon workhorse of buildings, ships, rails and tools — endlessly recast.
Overall 66 🥫Light structural metal from Hall–Héroult cells — aircraft skins, cans and façades.
Overall 59 🔶The first industrial conductor — wiring, heat exchangers, roofs that go green.
Overall 57 🍴Chromium passive films that keep kitchens, chemical plant and façades from rusting like carbon steel.
Overall 64