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🏗️Market & cost

Concrete · The hydraulic ceramic of cities — cement, water, rock and usually steel, with a fire story better than exposed steel.

At a glance
Score intensity

Darker cells mean a higher score for this topic on that metric.

Last reviewed Sources & creditsMedia creditsMethodology

Quick answers

Is Concrete non-combustible?

Declared reaction class in this atlas: A1. Assemblies still need resistance tests.

Does Concrete insulate?

Thermal mark 22/100 versus the atlas. Conductivity note: ~1.4 W/m·K.

What is the density band?

~2400 kg/m³

How is it made?

Origin story: Roman pozzolana; Aspdin 1824; Hennebique RC (Rome → Leeds → Paris).

Can it be recycled?

Circularity mark 30/100 — editorial, route-specific.

Typical melting or failure heat?

does not melt; dehydrates and spalls

heat 68 · fire 90

Start with this section - Market & cost

Prices are bands. A 2024 coil is not a 2026 contract. Labour and certification often dwarf the commodity.

Producers listed are landmarks for orientation, not a ranking or a procurement list.

Cost bands

Commodity

Index-linked

Bulk Concrete follows a global index more than a boutique mill.

Specified grade

Premium

Tight chemistry, cleanliness or certification multiplies the unit price.

System

Installed

Boards, coats and labour dwarf kilogram prices.

Certified / medical / aero

Highest

Paperwork is the product.

Trial / green route

Policy

Low-carbon or bio routes still trade on certificates.

Regions

East Asia

Volume production and finishing.

Europe

Standards (EN, Euroclass) and specialty.

North America

ASTM / NFPA language and large domestic mills.

Korea / Japan

High-spec sheet, fibres, electronics-adjacent ceramics.

Resource belts

Ore, plantations or energy that feed primary routes.

Global trade

Concrete moves as coils, bales, boards or chemicals — check HS codes, not vibes.

Key numbers

~2400 kg/m³Density
~1.4 W/m·KThermal
A1Fire letter
22Atlas insulation

Producers

Holcim

Global cement and RMX.

Heidelberg Materials

Europe-rooted.

Cemex

Americas.

CNBM

Chinese volume.

CRH

Building materials.

Siam Cement

ASEAN.

Ask for the route (primary, scrap, bio) before believing a green label.

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