Buildings
Structure, lining, insulation or finish depending on family.
Ceramic fibre · Spun refractory fibres for 1000–1400 °C — kiln linings, gaskets, and a respirable-fibre caution that AES grades try to ease.
Ceramic fibre earns its keep in systems: a beam, a batt, a fibre blend, a coated steel — rarely a lone coupon.
Products below are cultural landmarks as much as SKUs.
Structure, lining, insulation or finish depending on family.
Mass, fire and fatigue rewrite the grade list.
Heat, voltage and hydrogen compatibility.
The volume that pays for the mill.
When allowed — extractables and allergies matter.
Ballistics, FR clothing, fire stops.
1960s–
1970s–
1990s–
2000s–
1990s–
1980s–
1970s–
1980s
Building A1 wool at much lower T.
Dense cousins of the same oxides.
Lower T, lower λ.
Thin-film steel protection vs fibre wraps.
If the pairing is wrong, the material will be blamed for a system fault.
CaSO4·2H2O panels that buy fire time by calcining — the everyday A2/A1 lining of interiors.
Overall 59 👨🚒DuPont’s meta-aramid — fire-fighter turnout, electrical paper and a char that does not melt-drip like nylon.
Overall 65 🧯Paints that swell into insulating char — the thin-film way to give steel an R-rating without bulky boards.
Overall 58