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John O'Keefe · Place cells and the cognitive map inside the hippocampus.

Reviewed 2026-08·Sources & research·Media credits

Open questions still driving John O'Keefe research.

Tech and ethics sit beside mechanism.

Open questions

Open question 1

An active debate about spatial coding in hippocampus.

Open question 2

An active debate about spatial coding in hippocampus.

Open question 3

An active debate about spatial coding in hippocampus.

Open question 4

An active debate about spatial coding in hippocampus.

Open question 5

An active debate about spatial coding in hippocampus.

Technology

Technology 1

An emerging approach for John O'Keefe.

Technology 2

An emerging approach for John O'Keefe.

Technology 3

An emerging approach for John O'Keefe.

Technology 4

An emerging approach for John O'Keefe.

Technology 5

An emerging approach for John O'Keefe.

Ethics

Ethics 1

An ethical tension around spatial coding in hippocampus.

Ethics 2

An ethical tension around spatial coding in hippocampus.

Ethics 3

An ethical tension around spatial coding in hippocampus.

Frontiers change quickly; treat claims as living context.

Sources & research

  1. The hippocampus as a spatial mapO'Keefe J; Dostrovsky J · 1971 · Brain ResearchDOI
  2. The Hippocampus as a Cognitive MapO'Keefe J; Nadel L · 1978 · Oxford University Press
  3. Grid cells and spatial mapsMoser EI; Kropff E; Moser MB · 2008 · Annual Review of NeuroscienceDOIPubMed

Media credits

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