⚖️
Nature and nurture
Genes and environments as interacting systems — not a 50/50 split, and not a verdict on groups.
Open →
✨Giftedness
High ability as a developing system — Gagné, Renzulli and Winner, not a single IQ cutoff.
Open →
🎯Deliberate practice
Designed, feedback-rich practice — Ericsson’s violinists, not Gladwell’s 10,000-hour slogan.
Open →
🌊Flow
Csikszentmihalyi’s deep-attention state — skill meeting demand, not a talent substitute.
Open →
🌱Growth mindset
Dweck’s incremental theory — real effects in some studies, contested size after Sisk and Li & Bates.
Open →
🧠Multiple intelligences
Gardner’s useful classroom taxonomy — weak as a psychometric theory, say Waterhouse and Visser.
Open →