Buildings
Structure, lining, insulation or finish depending on family.
钛 earns its keep in systems: a beam, a batt, a fibre blend, a coated steel — rarely a lone coupon.
Products below are cultural landmarks as much as SKUs.
行业
Transport
Mass, fire and fatigue rewrite the grade list.
Energy
Heat, voltage and hydrogen compatibility.
Consumer
The volume that pays for the mill.
Medical / food
When allowed — extractables and allergies matter.
Defence / safety
Ballistics, FR clothing, fire stops.
产品
Kroll process
1940–
Ti-6Al-4V
1952–
SR-71
1964–1998
Hip implant stem
1960s–
Golf club lore
1990s
Submersible hulls
1960s–
Bike frames
1980s–
Heat exchanger CP
1970s–
配对
steel
Cheaper mass where density is allowed.
aluminum
Lighter still, but melts sooner and pits differently.
nitinol
The Ni-Ti cousin that remembers shape.
carbon-fiber
The polymer-composite rival for aero mass.
If the pairing is wrong, the material will be blamed for a system fault.