Buildings
Structure, lining, insulation or finish depending on family.
Perovskita earns its keep in systems: a beam, a batt, a fibre blend, a coated steel — rarely a lone coupon.
Products below are cultural landmarks as much as SKUs.
Sectores
Transport
Mass, fire and fatigue rewrite the grade list.
Energy
Heat, voltage and hydrogen compatibility.
Consumer
The volume that pays for the mill.
Medical / food
When allowed — extractables and allergies matter.
Defence / safety
Ballistics, FR clothing, fire stops.
Productos
Tsutomu Miyasaka
2009
Henry Snaith
2012
NREL chart
2013–
Oxford PV
2010s–
MAPBI3 crystal
2010s
Si tandem module
2020s
Damp-heat chamber
test
Pb-free Sn trials
2010s–
Emparejamientos
graphene
Another lab-to-fab story with fewer rooftops.
glass
The cover and substrate of modules.
copper
Tabbing and inverters still need Cu.
silicone
Module encapsulants and junction seals.
If the pairing is wrong, the material will be blamed for a system fault.
Seguir explorando
Más en Sólidos avanzados
🏎️
Fibra de carbono
Filamentos de polímero con láminas tipo grafito: aero y bicis; el fuego es la resina.
Global 49 ⬡Grafeno
Una lámina de carbono de un átomo: Nobel, bombo en composites, pocos usos honestos.
Global 50 ☁️Aerogel
Esponja de sílice nanométrica: λ entre los más bajos; frágil sin manta.
Global 60 🩺Nitinol
Ni–Ti casi equiatómico que recuerda forma y es superelástico: stents y ortodoncia.
Global 48