01 就航天飞机而言，Prelaunch tanking
就航天飞机而言，Load ET cryogens; close out crew after leak checks and weather go.
分数是本图鉴内的相对0–100分。用于浏览，不是工程规格。
速度相对本图鉴其他48种载具的实用最高速度。
95
效率有效行程的能耗——图鉴内的相对值。
28
易用性普通人在无特殊训练或财富时有多容易使用。
5
安全在正常运行与现行规制下，每次行程的安全程度。
48
文化影响这种载具对语言、地位与日常想象影响有多深。
94
技术变革当下新技术正在多大程度改写这种载具。
80
简短问答
这类交通工具要看哪些本地机构或走廊规则？
先看本地视角中的型式认定、营运许可与枢纽——不要假定一份全球清单。
Is this a buying guide?
No. Tool-Lifes /vehicles is an educational atlas. It explains history, systems and culture without affiliate rankings.
Are the scores official?
No. The six scores are relative editorial 0–100 marks across the 48 types on this site.
Where do the photos come from?
Lead images resolve from Wikimedia Commons via Wikipedia titles on the English masters, with licences recorded on the credits page.
Why metric units?
Metric is the default. Regional notes (US customary, local brand culture) appear in culture and market chapters.
How is this different from a wiki article?
Each type gets seven fixed-depth chapters, comparable scores and cross-type labs — structured for browsing, not a single freeform page.
安全运行航天飞机需要按相同顺序追踪能量、信息与机械流。
CBTC、ERS等通用缩写保留，并在上下文中解释。
原理
就航天飞机而言，Crossrange capability
就航天飞机而言，Winged orbiter can steer to wide runway corridor versus capsule drift down.
就航天飞机而言，Ascent energy margin
就航天飞机而言，SSME throttling and SRB profile must satisfy abort modes at each second.
就航天飞机而言，On-orbit thermal
就航天飞机而言，Bay doors open radiate heat; closed doors limit payload ops duration.
就航天飞机而言，Glide L/D
就航天飞机而言，Unpowered orbiter is heavy glider—single approach without go-around energy.
就航天飞机而言，Turnaround cost
就航天飞机而言，Tile inspection and SRB refurbishment drove economics versus expendables.
图解
就航天飞机而言，Ascent stack sequence
就航天飞机而言，SSME startignite
就航天飞机而言，SRB thrustlift
就航天飞机而言，SRB sepshed
就航天飞机而言，ET feedburn
就航天飞机而言，MECOcutoff
就航天飞机而言，OMSorbit
就航天飞机而言，Reentry energy mgmt
就航天飞机而言，Entry interfaceheat
就航天飞机而言，S-turnsrange
就航天飞机而言，HACalign
就航天飞机而言，Finalglide
就航天飞机而言，Touchdownland
运行步骤
02 就航天飞机而言，SSME start & liftoff
就航天飞机而言，Main 发动机s to 100% before SRB ignition; roll program clears tower.
03 就航天飞机而言，MECO & ET jettison
就航天飞机而言，Main 发动机 cutoff; sep tank; OMS burns circularize or chase ISS.
04 就航天飞机而言，On-orbit ops
就航天飞机而言，Payload deploy or RMS tasks; tile survey if debris strike suspected.
05 就航天飞机而言，Deorbit burn
就航天飞机而言，OMS retrofire sets entry interface over planned runway cone.
06 就航天飞机而言，Landing & safing
就航天飞机而言，Energy management to HAC; deploy gear on commander call; crew egress after stop.
硬性极限
就航天飞机而言，Runway requirement
就航天飞机而言，Long paved runway with approach aids—no water or grass landing option.
就航天飞机而言，Crew complement
就航天飞机而言，Up to seven with full suits constrained consumables and escape paths.
就航天飞机而言，Program retirement
就航天飞机而言，Fleet retired 2011; lessons inform Artemis and commercial crew capsules.