分数是本图鉴内的相对0–100分。用于浏览，不是工程规格。
简短问答
这类交通工具要看哪些本地机构或走廊规则？
先看本地视角中的型式认定、营运许可与枢纽——不要假定一份全球清单。
Is this a buying guide?
No. Tool-Lifes /vehicles is an educational atlas. It explains history, systems and culture without affiliate rankings.
Are the scores official?
No. The six scores are relative editorial 0–100 marks across the 48 types on this site.
Where do the photos come from?
Lead images resolve from Wikimedia Commons via Wikipedia titles on the English masters, with licences recorded on the credits page.
Why metric units?
Metric is the default. Regional notes (US customary, local brand culture) appear in culture and market chapters.
How is this different from a wiki article?
Each type gets seven fixed-depth chapters, comparable scores and cross-type labs — structured for browsing, not a single freeform page.
航天飞机的推进、结构、控制与安全在同一运行包线内耦合。先分清各系统名称与职责，便于故障模式与合规审查。
下方仪表为设计裕度、可维护性与人因的相对评分，用于同级平台比较。
系统
结构
就航天飞机而言，Reusable orbiter glides from orbit; wing provides crossrange and runway landing capability.
推进
就航天飞机而言，Three hydrogen/oxygen 发动机s on orbiter feed from ET during ascent only.
电源·热
就航天飞机而言，SRBs provide majority of liftoff thrust; parachute recovery for reuse after splashdown.
GNC
就航天飞机而言，ET carries LOX/LH2; discarded each flight—largest non-reusable element.
乘员·生保
就航天飞机而言，Thousands of silica tiles and RCC panels protect aluminum airframe from reentry heating.
再入
就航天飞机而言，60 ft bay deploys satellites; robotic arm berths ISS modules and inspects tiles.
相对量表
热点
就航天飞机而言，TPS tile loss
就航天飞机而言，Missing tiles expose skin to local overheating on reentry—Columbia lesson.
就航天飞机而言，SRB O-ring/seal
就航天飞机而言，Joint anomalies caused historic loss—now drives inspection culture.
就航天飞机而言，APU hydrazine
就航天飞机而言，APU failures affect hydraulic power for aerosurfaces on approach.
就航天飞机而言，Main 发动机 turbopump
就航天飞机而言，SSME anomalies during ascent triggered abort-to-orbit scenarios.
就航天飞机而言，Landing gear tire blowout
就航天飞机而言，Heavy wet runway landings stress 制动s and tires at high energy.
材料
就航天飞机而言，Al 2219 airframe
就航天飞机而言，Conventional alloy skin with stringers behind tile blanket.
就航天飞机而言，RCC nose/cap
就航天飞机而言，Reinforced carbon-carbon survives highest reentry heat flux.
就航天飞机而言，LI-900 silica tiles
就航天飞机而言，Low-density tiles insulate airframe from plasma heating.
就航天飞机而言，Nomex felt gap fillers
就航天飞机而言，Flexible fillers accommodate tile movement; must be flush for aero heating.