Pre-1900
Folk practice
School Age guidance lived in proverb, religion, and midwifery before academic child study.
School Age retrace l'évolution de l'autorité experte — des manuels religieux au behaviorisme, puis aux cadres de l'attachement et des neurosciences.
Chaque époque a réinterprété competence and peer belonging à travers la science disponible et les valeurs culturelles sur l'enfant, le genre et la responsabilité de l'État.
Where it began
1934Geneva
School Age entered formal childcare discourse around 1934 as psychology, paediatrics, and education institutions professionalised family life.
Timeline
1934School Age milestone 1
In 1934, research or policy on competence and peer belonging advanced through studies, programmes, or cultural debate.
1946School Age milestone 2
In 1946, research or policy on competence and peer belonging advanced through studies, programmes, or cultural debate.
1958School Age milestone 3
In 1958, research or policy on competence and peer belonging advanced through studies, programmes, or cultural debate.
1970School Age milestone 4
In 1970, research or policy on competence and peer belonging advanced through studies, programmes, or cultural debate.
1982School Age milestone 5
In 1982, research or policy on competence and peer belonging advanced through studies, programmes, or cultural debate.
1994School Age milestone 6
In 1994, research or policy on competence and peer belonging advanced through studies, programmes, or cultural debate.
2006School Age milestone 7
In 2006, research or policy on competence and peer belonging advanced through studies, programmes, or cultural debate.
2018School Age milestone 8
In 2018, research or policy on competence and peer belonging advanced through studies, programmes, or cultural debate.
2030School Age milestone 9
In 2030, research or policy on competence and peer belonging advanced through studies, programmes, or cultural debate.
2042School Age milestone 10
In 2042, research or policy on competence and peer belonging advanced through studies, programmes, or cultural debate.
The eras
1900–1950
Professionalisation
Universities and clinics began publishing age-stage norms and hygiene rules.
1950–1980
Attachment turn
Bowlby, Ainsworth, and Baumrind reshaped how closeness and limits were discussed.
1980–2010
Brain and policy
Neuroscience metaphors and international ECD programmes entered parenting culture.
2010–present
Digital parenting
Social media accelerates method wars; evidence reviews struggle to keep pace.
Practices that changed
Approaches that faded, flipped or were replaced as evidence and culture moved on.
Punitive to relational
1960s–2000sHarsh control models faded as competence and peer belonging research linked warmth with better outcomes.
Expert to co-regulation
2000s–2020sParents expected to manage their own arousal while teaching children — not just enforce rules.
National to global
1990s–presentWHO and UNICEF standards interact with local kinship systems worldwide.
Le discours actuel sur school age mêle normes mondiales de l'OMS, pratiques familiales locales et médias algorithmiques sur la parentalité.
Continuer
Plus dans Stades de développement
👶
Nouveau-né
Les 28 premiers jours après la naissance — physiologie, attachement, rythmes alimentaires et passage du ventre au monde.
Preuves 88 🍼Nourrisson
D'un mois à douze mois - étapes motrices, premiers aliments, approfondissement de l'attachement et nouvelles habitudes de sommeil.
Preuves 90 🧸Enfant en bas âge
Marcher, parler et tester les limites – les années des tout-petits mélangent explosion motrice, éclats de langage et luttes pour l’autonomie.
Preuves 85 ✏️Préscolaire
Jeu imaginatif, entrée parmi les pairs et fonctions exécutives — le préscolaire voit exploser socialisation et autorégulation.
Preuves 82 🧑🎓Adolescent
Le remodelage cérébral, la formation de l’identité et l’autonomie croissante définissent l’adolescence – le risque et les capacités augmentent tous deux.
Preuves 80