Newborn in 2020: COVID birth policies · 464

Yes, especially evenings in the first weeks; it supports milk supply and growth spurts rather than indicating insufficient milk alone. Fever in infants under three months, poor feeding, fewer wet nappies, yellowing skin, or breathing difficulty warrant urgent review. Strong evidence links immediate and ongoing skin-to-skin with temperature stability, breastfeeding success, and parent-infant synchrony.

Limit exposure in early weeks; hand hygiene and vaccination status of visitors reduce infection risk for immature immune systems. No — responsive comfort builds secure attachment; infants cannot manipulate or form habits of being held at this age. Gentle day-night cues help from a few weeks, but strict schedules are inappropriate until feeding and weight gain are established.

Newborn care moved from home midwifery to hospital nurseries in the twentieth century, then back toward rooming-in and family-centred models. Each shift — separation, bonding research, kangaroo care — changed what parents were told to do in the first hours and days. Today's newborn period sits between high-tech neonatal medicine and renewed emphasis on proximity, feeding on cue, and parental presence.