All 1300 essays
1300 reading pieces, each with a name, a number, and a decision. They sit beside the atlas entry. They do not replace it.
- Antibiotic resistance in : Selection, not spite
- Archaea in : Not bacteria — Section 2: Not bacteria
- Bacteria in : No nucleus — Section 3: No nucleus
- Bacteriophages in : Viral, not cellular — Section 4: Viral, not cellular
- Biofilms in : Attachment — Section 5: Attachment
- Escherichia coli in : Commensal majority — Section 6: Commensal majority
- Fermentation in : Anaerobic energy path — Section 7: Anaerobic energy path
- Fungi in : Chitin walls — Section 8: Chitin walls
- Gut microbiome in : Community, not a species — Section 9: Community, not a species
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Spiral and flagella — Section 10: Spiral and flagella
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Sideways, not parent-child — Section 11: Sideways, not parent-child
- Hygiene and balance in : Family-size clue — Section 12: Family-size clue
- Influenza in : Types A and B
- Mutation and variants in : Error-prone copy — Section 14: Error-prone copy
- Nitrogen cycle in : Inert majority — Section 15: Inert majority
- Norovirus in : Naked capsid — Section 16: Naked capsid
- Probiotics in : Must be alive — Section 17: Must be alive
- Protozoa in : Eukaryotic cells — Section 18: Eukaryotic cells
- Skin microbiome in : Site specificity — Section 19: Site specificity
- Soil microbes in : Extreme diversity — Section 20: Extreme diversity
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Grape clusters
- Tuberculosis in : Acid-fast wall — Section 22: Acid-fast wall
- Vaccines and immunity in : Antigen — Section 23: Antigen
- Viruses in : Not a cell — Section 24: Not a cell
- Antibiotic resistance in : Borrowed genes
- Archaea in 1977: Ether-linked lipids — Section 26: Ether-linked lipids
- Bacteria in : Peptidoglycan — Section 27: Peptidoglycan
- Bacteriophages in : Host specific — Section 28: Host specific
- Biofilms in : Matrix — Section 29: Matrix
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Pathotype minority — Section 30: Pathotype minority
- Fermentation in : NAD+ recycling — Section 31: NAD+ recycling
- Fungi in : Osmotrophy — Section 32: Osmotrophy
- Gut microbiome in : Fibre as feedstock — Section 33: Fibre as feedstock
- Helicobacter pylori in 1982: Urease — Section 34: Urease
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Three named vehicles — Section 35: Three named vehicles
- Hygiene and balance in : Old Friends — Section 36: Old Friends
- Influenza in : HA and NA
- Mutation and variants in : Selection filter — Section 38: Selection filter
- Nitrogen cycle in : Nitrogenase club — Section 39: Nitrogenase club
- Norovirus in 1968: Low dose — Section 40: Low dose
- Probiotics in 2001: Strain, not genus — Section 41: Strain, not genus
- Protozoa in : Motility styles — Section 42: Motility styles
- Skin microbiome in : Acid mantle — Section 43: Acid mantle
- Soil microbes in : Aggregate cities — Section 44: Aggregate cities
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1880: Coagulase — Section 45: Coagulase
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Airborne — Section 46: Airborne
- Vaccines and immunity in 1798: Antibodies — Section 47: Antibodies
- Viruses in : DNA or RNA genome — Section 48: DNA or RNA genome
- Antibiotic resistance in 1961: Hospital pressure — Section 49: Hospital pressure
- Archaea in : No peptidoglycan — Section 50: No peptidoglycan
- Bacteria in : Circular chromosome — Section 51: Circular chromosome
- Bacteriophages in 1915: Lytic or temperate — Section 52: Lytic or temperate
- Biofilms in : Gradients — Section 53: Gradients
- Escherichia coli in : O and H names — Section 54: O and H names
- Fermentation in : Acid as a fence — Section 55: Acid as a fence
- Fungi in : Hyphae and yeasts — Section 56: Hyphae and yeasts
- Gut microbiome in : Diversity over a list — Section 57: Diversity over a list
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: CagA talk — Section 58: CagA talk
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Plasmids — Section 59: Plasmids
- Hygiene and balance in : Clean-water win — Section 60: Clean-water win
- Influenza in : Segmented genome — Section 61: Segmented genome
- Mutation and variants in 1957: Antigenic surface — Section 62: Antigenic surface
- Nitrogen cycle in : Redox ladder — Section 63: Redox ladder
- Norovirus in 1972: Many genotypes — Section 64: Many genotypes
- Probiotics in 1985: Adequate amount — Section 65: Adequate amount
- Protozoa in 1880: No typical fungal wall — Section 66: No typical fungal wall
- Skin microbiome in : Occupancy — Section 67: Occupancy
- Soil microbes in : Mycorrhizal default — Section 68: Mycorrhizal default
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Skin talent — Section 69: Skin talent
- Tuberculosis in : Granuloma — Section 70: Granuloma
- Vaccines and immunity in 1980: T-cell help — Section 71: T-cell help
- Viruses in : Capsid symmetry — Section 72: Capsid symmetry
- Antibiotic resistance in 2019: Farm pressure
- Archaea in : Methanogenesis — Section 74: Methanogenesis
- Bacteria in : 16S rRNA — Section 75: 16S rRNA
- Bacteriophages in : Earth's majority vote — Section 76: Earth's majority vote
- Biofilms in : Mixed species
- Escherichia coli in 1982: Indicator role — Section 78: Indicator role
- Fermentation in 1857: Community craft — Section 79: Community craft
- Fungi in : Closer to animals — Section 80: Closer to animals
- Gut microbiome in : Early-life assembly — Section 81: Early-life assembly
- Helicobacter pylori in : Childhood acquire — Section 82: Childhood acquire
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Integrons — Section 83: Integrons
- Hygiene and balance in : Diversity, not dirt — Section 84: Diversity, not dirt
- Influenza in 1918: Winter seasonality
- Mutation and variants in 1971: Reassortment
- Nitrogen cycle in 1909: Industrial twin — Section 87: Industrial twin
- Norovirus in : Vomit aerosol — Section 88: Vomit aerosol
- Probiotics in : Not the whole microbiome — Section 89: Not the whole microbiome
- Protozoa in : Teaching grade — Section 90: Teaching grade
- Skin microbiome in 2009: Yeast neighbours — Section 91: Yeast neighbours
- Soil microbes in : Chemical library — Section 92: Chemical library
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Toxin kit
- Tuberculosis in : Reactivation risk — Section 94: Reactivation risk
- Vaccines and immunity in : Memory — Section 95: Memory
- Viruses in : Obligate host — Section 96: Obligate host
- Antibiotic resistance in 2050: Wastewater classroom
- Archaea in : Extremophile fame — Section 98: Extremophile fame
- Bacteria in : Binary fission — Section 99: Binary fission
- Bacteriophages in : CRISPR memory — Section 100: CRISPR memory
- Archaea in : No known pathogens — Section 101: No known pathogens
- Archaea in : Nucleoid — Section 102: Nucleoid
- Archaea in : 70S-class ribosome — Section 103: 70S-class ribosome
- Archaea in : Ether lipid membrane — Section 104: Ether lipid membrane
- Archaea in : S-layer — Section 105: S-layer
- Archaea in : Flagellum (archaellum) — Section 106: Flagellum (archaellum)
- Archaea in : Cofactors (F420, methanopterin) — Section 107: Cofactors (F420, methanopter
- Archaea in : Sense the gradient — Section 108: Sense the gradient
- Archaea in : Harvest electrons — Section 109: Harvest electrons
- Archaea in : Divide — Section 110: Divide
- Archaea in : Persist or sporulate rarely — Section 111: Persist or sporulate rarely
- Bacteria in : Metabolic range — Section 112: Metabolic range
- Bacteria in : Nucleoid — Section 113: Nucleoid
- Bacteria in : Ribosomes (70S) — Section 114: Ribosomes (70S)
- Bacteria in : Plasma membrane — Section 115: Plasma membrane
- Bacteria in : Cell wall — Section 116: Cell wall
- Bacteria in : Flagella / pili — Section 117: Flagella / pili
- Bacteria in : Plasmids — Section 118: Plasmids
- Bacteria in : Growth lag — Section 119: Growth lag
- Bacteria in : Exponential — Section 120: Exponential
- Bacteria in : Stationary — Section 121: Stationary
- Bacteria in : Decline or spore — Section 122: Decline or spore
- Bacteriophages in : Transduction (concept) — Section 123: Transduction (concept)
- Bacteriophages in : Head (capsid) — Section 124: Head (capsid)
- Bacteriophages in : Tail — Section 125: Tail
- Bacteriophages in : Tail fibres — Section 126: Tail fibres
- Bacteriophages in : Genome — Section 127: Genome
- Bacteriophages in : Baseplate — Section 128: Baseplate
- Bacteriophages in : No 70S factory — Section 129: No 70S factory
- Bacteriophages in : Adsorb — Section 130: Adsorb
- Bacteriophages in : Inject — Section 131: Inject
- Bacteriophages in : Take over or integrate — Section 132: Take over or integrate
- Bacteriophages in : Burst or wait — Section 133: Burst or wait
- Escherichia coli in : Lab domestication — Section 134: Lab domestication
- Escherichia coli in 1922: Plasmid luggage — Section 135: Plasmid luggage
- Escherichia coli in : Outer membrane — Section 136: Outer membrane
- Escherichia coli in : Flagella
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Pili and adhesins — Section 138: Pili and adhesins
- Escherichia coli in : Shiga toxin — Section 139: Shiga toxin
- Escherichia coli in : Plasmids — Section 140: Plasmids
- Escherichia coli in : Vitamin K role
- Escherichia coli in : Colonize or ingest — Section 142: Colonize or ingest
- Escherichia coli in : Reside or invade — Section 143: Reside or invade
- Escherichia coli in : Shed in stool — Section 144: Shed in stool
- Escherichia coli in : Detect or fade
- Fermentation in : Not rot by another name — Section 146: Not rot by another name
- Fermentation in : Human alliance — Section 147: Human alliance
- Fermentation in : Substrate sugars — Section 148: Substrate sugars
- Fermentation in : Glycolysis highway — Section 149: Glycolysis highway
- Fermentation in : End products — Section 150: End products
- Fermentation in : Salt and water activity — Section 151: Salt and water activity
- Fermentation in : Koji enzymes — Section 152: Koji enzymes
- Fermentation in : Gas and texture — Section 153: Gas and texture
- Fermentation in : Select the vat — Section 154: Select the vat
- Fermentation in : Acidify or ethanolise — Section 155: Acidify or ethanolise
- Fermentation in : Ripen — Section 156: Ripen
- Fermentation in : Eat or stall — Section 157: Eat or stall
- Fungi in 1928: Spores — Section 158: Spores
- Fungi in : Partnership default — Section 159: Partnership default
- Fungi in : Hypha — Section 160: Hypha
- Fungi in : Yeast cell — Section 161: Yeast cell
- Fungi in : Chitin wall — Section 162: Chitin wall
- Fungi in : Spitzenkörper — Section 163: Spitzenkörper
- Fungi in : Fruiting body — Section 164: Fruiting body
- Fungi in : Ergosterol membrane — Section 165: Ergosterol membrane
- Fungi in : Spore landing — Section 166: Spore landing
- Fungi in : Vegetative growth — Section 167: Vegetative growth
- Fungi in : Fruiting or sporulation — Section 168: Fruiting or sporulation
- Fungi in : Dispersal — Section 169: Dispersal
- Gut microbiome in : Cross-talk with immunity — Section 170: Cross-talk with immunity
- Gut microbiome in : Antibiotics as weather — Section 171: Antibiotics as weather
- Gut microbiome in : Mucus layer — Section 172: Mucus layer
- Gut microbiome in : Lumen fermenters — Section 173: Lumen fermenters
- Gut microbiome in : Short-chain fatty acids — Section 174: Short-chain fatty acids
- Gut microbiome in : Bile-tolerant specialists — Section 175: Bile-tolerant specialists
- Gut microbiome in : Gut archaea — Section 176: Gut archaea
- Gut microbiome in : Phage layer — Section 177: Phage layer
- Gut microbiome in : Arrive and assemble — Section 178: Arrive and assemble
- Gut microbiome in : Ferment the day's fibre — Section 179: Ferment the day's fibre
- Gut microbiome in : Turnover — Section 180: Turnover
- Gut microbiome in : Disturb and recover — Section 181: Disturb and recover
- Helicobacter pylori in 1994: Nobel ulcer — Section 182: Nobel ulcer
- Helicobacter pylori in : Not all gastritis — Section 183: Not all gastritis
- Helicobacter pylori in : Flagella bundle — Section 184: Flagella bundle
- Helicobacter pylori in 1980: Urease enzyme
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Adhesins — Section 186: Adhesins
- Helicobacter pylori in : Cag pathogenicity island — Section 187: Cag pathogenicity island
- Helicobacter pylori in : VacA — Section 188: VacA
- Helicobacter pylori in : Mucus pH gradient
- Helicobacter pylori in : Acquire young — Section 190: Acquire young
- Helicobacter pylori in : Colonize mucus — Section 191: Colonize mucus
- Helicobacter pylori in : Chronic gastritis — Section 192: Chronic gastritis
- Helicobacter pylori in : Ulcer or rare cancer path
- Influenza in : Pandemic potential — Section 194: Pandemic potential
- Influenza in : Not stomach flu — Section 195: Not stomach flu
- Influenza in : HA entry — Section 196: HA entry
- Influenza in : NA exit
- Influenza in : Nucleus step — Section 198: Nucleus step
- Influenza in : Airway damage — Section 199: Airway damage
- Influenza in : Antibody target — Section 200: Antibody target
- Antibiotic resistance in : Stewardship ethic
- Archaea in : Gut methanogens — Section 202: Gut methanogens
- Bacteria in : Gut residents — Section 203: Gut residents
- Bacteriophages in : Do not infect us — Section 204: Do not infect us
- Biofilms in : Dispersal
- Escherichia coli in : Gut commensal — Section 206: Gut commensal
- Fermentation in : Kimchi — Section 207: Kimchi
- Fungi in : Fermented foods — Section 208: Fermented foods
- Gut microbiome in : Fibre fermentation — Section 209: Fibre fermentation
- Helicobacter pylori in : Silent carriage — Section 210: Silent carriage
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Ecological speed — Section 211: Ecological speed
- Hygiene and balance in : Regulation — Section 212: Regulation
- Influenza in : Animal mixers
- Mutation and variants in : Surveillance name
- Nitrogen cycle in : Greenhouse leak — Section 215: Greenhouse leak
- Norovirus in : Food handler — Section 216: Food handler
- Probiotics in : Food or capsule — Section 217: Food or capsule
- Protozoa in : Free-living majority — Section 218: Free-living majority
- Skin microbiome in : Not a gut clone — Section 219: Not a gut clone
- Soil microbes in 1943: Protozoan grazers — Section 220: Protozoan grazers
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1961: MRSA file
- Tuberculosis in 1921: Programme disease — Section 222: Programme disease
- Vaccines and immunity in : Herd arithmetic — Section 223: Herd arithmetic
- Viruses in : Narrow tropism — Section 224: Narrow tropism
- Antibiotic resistance in : Drug target
- Archaea in : Rumen partners — Section 226: Rumen partners
- Bacteria in : Skin film — Section 227: Skin film
- Bacteriophages in : Gut predator layer — Section 228: Gut predator layer
- Biofilms in : Not a lab recipe
- Escherichia coli in : STEC foodborne — Section 230: STEC foodborne
- Fermentation in : Doenjang — Section 231: Doenjang
- Fungi in : Mycorrhizal farms — Section 232: Mycorrhizal farms
- Gut microbiome in : Colonisation resistance — Section 233: Colonisation resistance
- Horizontal gene transfer in : No protocol — Section 234: No protocol
- Hygiene and balance in : Not a dare — Section 235: Not a dare
- Influenza in : Inhale — Section 236: Inhale
- Mutation and variants in 2020: Not a moral agent
- Nitrogen cycle in : No human pathogen plot — Section 238: No human pathogen plot
- Norovirus in : Not influenza — Section 239: Not influenza
- Probiotics in 2001: Debate is normal — Section 240: Debate is normal
- Protozoa in : Parasite minority — Section 241: Parasite minority
- Skin microbiome in : Washing is weather — Section 242: Washing is weather
- Soil microbes in : Not a germ poster — Section 243: Not a germ poster
- Tuberculosis in : Partial BCG — Section 244: Partial BCG
- Vaccines and immunity in : Trust and supply
- Viruses in : Rapid change (many RNA lineages) — Section 246: Rapid change (many RNA linea
- Antibiotic resistance in : Inactivating enzymes — Section 247: Inactivating enzymes
- Archaea in : Not bacteria · 248 — Section 248: Not bacteria
- Bacteria in : No nucleus · 249 — Section 249: No nucleus
- Bacteriophages in : Viral, not cellular · 250 — Section 250: Viral, not cellular
- Biofilms in : Adhesins — Section 251: Adhesins
- Escherichia coli in : Commensal majority · 252 — Section 252: Commensal majority
- Fermentation in : Anaerobic energy path · 253 — Section 253: Anaerobic energy path
- Fungi in : Chitin walls · 254 — Section 254: Chitin walls
- Gut microbiome in : Community, not a species · 255 — Section 255: Community, not a species
- Helicobacter pylori in : Peptic ulcer — Section 256: Peptic ulcer
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Free DNA
- Hygiene and balance in : Barrier flora — Section 258: Barrier flora
- Influenza in : Replicate — Section 259: Replicate
- Mutation and variants in : Polymerase — Section 260: Polymerase
- Nitrogen cycle in 1990: Nitrogenase — Section 261: Nitrogenase
- Norovirus in : Capsid protein — Section 262: Capsid protein
- Probiotics in : Viable cells — Section 263: Viable cells
- Protozoa in : Nucleus — Section 264: Nucleus
- Skin microbiome in : Stratum corneum — Section 265: Stratum corneum
- Soil microbes in : Litter film — Section 266: Litter film
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1990: Not a movie monster — Section 267: Not a movie monster
- Vaccines and immunity in 2020: Innate sensors — Section 268: Innate sensors
- Viruses in : Genome — Section 269: Genome
- Antibiotic resistance in : Efflux pumps
- Archaea in 1977: Ether-linked lipids · 271 — Section 271: Ether-linked lipids
- Bacteria in : Peptidoglycan · 272 — Section 272: Peptidoglycan
- Bacteriophages in : Host specific · 273 — Section 273: Host specific
- Biofilms in : Microcolony — Section 274: Microcolony
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Pathotype minority · 275 — Section 275: Pathotype minority
- Fermentation in : NAD+ recycling · 276 — Section 276: NAD+ recycling
- Fungi in : Osmotrophy · 277 — Section 277: Osmotrophy
- Gut microbiome in : Fibre as feedstock · 278 — Section 278: Fibre as feedstock
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Spiral and flagella · 279 — Section 279: Spiral and flagella
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Pilus contact — Section 280: Pilus contact
- Hygiene and balance in : Regulatory T cells
- Influenza in : Shed and feel ill — Section 282: Shed and feel ill
- Mutation and variants in : Genome segments or one piece — Section 283: Genome segments or one piece
- Nitrogen cycle in : Root nodules — Section 284: Root nodules
- Norovirus in : RNA genome
- Probiotics in : Strain designation — Section 286: Strain designation
- Protozoa in : Mitochondria or remnants — Section 287: Mitochondria or remnants
- Skin microbiome in : Sebaceous glands — Section 288: Sebaceous glands
- Soil microbes in : Rhizosphere — Section 289: Rhizosphere
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Cell wall — Section 290: Cell wall
- Tuberculosis in : Mycolic wall — Section 291: Mycolic wall
- Vaccines and immunity in : Lymph node classroom — Section 292: Lymph node classroom
- Viruses in : Capsid — Section 293: Capsid
- Antibiotic resistance in : Porin change
- Archaea in : No peptidoglycan · 295 — Section 295: No peptidoglycan
- Bacteria in : Circular chromosome · 296 — Section 296: Circular chromosome
- Bacteriophages in 1915: Lytic or temperate · 297 — Section 297: Lytic or temperate
- Biofilms in : Channels — Section 298: Channels
- Escherichia coli in : O and H names · 299 — Section 299: O and H names
- Fermentation in : Acid as a fence · 300 — Section 300: Acid as a fence
- Fungi in : Hyphae and yeasts · 301 — Section 301: Hyphae and yeasts
- Gut microbiome in : Diversity over a list · 302 — Section 302: Diversity over a list
- Helicobacter pylori in 1982: Urease · 303 — Section 303: Urease
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Phage passengers — Section 304: Phage passengers
- Hygiene and balance in : Helminth history
- Influenza in : Recover or complicate — Section 306: Recover or complicate
- Mutation and variants in : Surface antigens — Section 307: Surface antigens
- Nitrogen cycle in 1909: Ammonia oxidisers — Section 308: Ammonia oxidisers
- Norovirus in : Gut target
- Probiotics in : Matrix (yoghurt vs pill) — Section 310: Matrix (yoghurt vs pill)
- Protozoa in : Pellicle or test — Section 311: Pellicle or test
- Skin microbiome in : Sweat and salt — Section 312: Sweat and salt
- Soil microbes in : Mycorrhizal hyphae — Section 313: Mycorrhizal hyphae
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Protein A — Section 314: Protein A
- Tuberculosis in : Macrophage niche — Section 315: Macrophage niche
- Vaccines and immunity in : B-cell antibodies — Section 316: B-cell antibodies
- Viruses in : Envelope (some families) — Section 317: Envelope (some families)
- Antibiotic resistance in : Plasmids and integrons
- Archaea in : Methanogenesis · 319 — Section 319: Methanogenesis
- Bacteria in : 16S rRNA · 320 — Section 320: 16S rRNA
- Bacteriophages in : Earth's majority vote · 321 — Section 321: Earth's majority vote
- Biofilms in : Slow members — Section 322: Slow members
- Escherichia coli in 1982: Indicator role · 323 — Section 323: Indicator role
- Fermentation in 1857: Community craft · 324 — Section 324: Community craft
- Fungi in : Closer to animals · 325 — Section 325: Closer to animals
- Gut microbiome in : Early-life assembly · 326 — Section 326: Early-life assembly
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: CagA talk · 327 — Section 327: CagA talk
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Recombination — Section 328: Recombination
- Hygiene and balance in : Antibiotic pruning
- Influenza in : Seasonal wave — Section 330: Seasonal wave
- Mutation and variants in : Within-host cloud — Section 331: Within-host cloud
- Nitrogen cycle in : Nitrate — Section 332: Nitrate
- Norovirus in : Environmental grit
- Probiotics in : Acid and bile resistance — Section 334: Acid and bile resistance
- Protozoa in : Motile organelles — Section 335: Motile organelles
- Skin microbiome in : Hair follicles — Section 336: Hair follicles
- Soil microbes in : Anaerobic microsites — Section 337: Anaerobic microsites
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Enterotoxins — Section 338: Enterotoxins
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Cavity — Section 339: Cavity
- Vaccines and immunity in : Cytotoxic T cells — Section 340: Cytotoxic T cells
- Viruses in : Surface glycoproteins — Section 341: Surface glycoproteins
- Antibiotic resistance in : Persisters vs resistance
- Archaea in : Extremophile fame · 343 — Section 343: Extremophile fame
- Bacteria in : Binary fission · 344 — Section 344: Binary fission
- Bacteriophages in : CRISPR memory · 345 — Section 345: CRISPR memory
- Biofilms in : Signals — Section 346: Signals
- Escherichia coli in : Lab domestication · 347 — Section 347: Lab domestication
- Fermentation in : Not rot by another name · 348 — Section 348: Not rot by another name
- Fungi in 1928: Spores · 349 — Section 349: Spores
- Gut microbiome in : Cross-talk with immunity · 350 — Section 350: Cross-talk with immunity
- Helicobacter pylori in : Childhood acquire · 351 — Section 351: Childhood acquire
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Restriction and CRISPR — Section 352: Restriction and CRISPR
- Hygiene and balance in : Urban air and diet
- Influenza in : Hospital pneumonia — Section 354: Hospital pneumonia
- Mutation and variants in : Bottleneck — Section 355: Bottleneck
- Nitrogen cycle in : Denitrifiers — Section 356: Denitrifiers
- Norovirus in : HBGA binding
- Probiotics in : Prebiotic partners — Section 358: Prebiotic partners
- Protozoa in : Contractile vacuole — Section 359: Contractile vacuole
- Skin microbiome in : Malassezia film — Section 360: Malassezia film
- Soil microbes in : Mineral surfaces — Section 361: Mineral surfaces
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Panton-Valentine cue — Section 362: Panton-Valentine cue
- Tuberculosis in : Lymph travel — Section 363: Lymph travel
- Vaccines and immunity in : Memory archive — Section 364: Memory archive
- Viruses in : No ribosomes — Section 365: No ribosomes
- Antibiotic resistance in : Exposure
- Archaea in : No known pathogens · 367 — Section 367: No known pathogens
- Bacteria in : Metabolic range · 368 — Section 368: Metabolic range
- Bacteriophages in : Transduction (concept) · 369 — Section 369: Transduction (concept)
- Biofilms in : Shed particles — Section 370: Shed particles
- Escherichia coli in 1922: Plasmid luggage · 371 — Section 371: Plasmid luggage
- Fermentation in : Human alliance · 372 — Section 372: Human alliance
- Fungi in : Partnership default · 373 — Section 373: Partnership default
- Gut microbiome in : Antibiotics as weather · 374 — Section 374: Antibiotics as weather
- Helicobacter pylori in 1994: Nobel ulcer · 375 — Section 375: Nobel ulcer
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Selection after arrival — Section 376: Selection after arrival
- Hygiene and balance in : Safe water chemistry
- Influenza in : Types A and B · 378 — Section 378: Types A and B
- Mutation and variants in : Immune landscape — Section 379: Immune landscape
- Nitrogen cycle in : Anammox planctomycetes — Section 380: Anammox planctomycetes
- Norovirus in : Short memory
- Probiotics in : No virulence kit — Section 382: No virulence kit
- Protozoa in : Apical complex (apicomplexa) — Section 383: Apical complex (apicomplexa)
- Skin microbiome in : Transient hitchhikers — Section 384: Transient hitchhikers
- Soil microbes in : Virus particles — Section 385: Virus particles
- Tuberculosis in : Slow generation — Section 386: Slow generation
- Vaccines and immunity in : Platforms — Section 387: Platforms
- Viruses in : Packaged enzymes (some) — Section 388: Packaged enzymes (some)
- Antibiotic resistance in : Unequal survival
- Archaea in : Nucleoid · 390 — Section 390: Nucleoid
- Bacteriophages in : Head (capsid) · 391 — Section 391: Head (capsid)
- Biofilms in : Attach — Section 392: Attach
- Escherichia coli in : Outer membrane · 393
- Fermentation in : Substrate sugars · 394 — Section 394: Substrate sugars
- Fungi in : Hypha · 395 — Section 395: Hypha
- Gut microbiome in : Mucus layer · 396 — Section 396: Mucus layer
- Helicobacter pylori in : Not all gastritis · 397
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Contact or release — Section 398: Contact or release
- Hygiene and balance in : Birth and first colonizers — Section 399: Birth and first colonizers
- Influenza in : HA and NA · 400 — Section 400: HA and NA
- Antibiotic resistance in : Gene traffic
- Antibiotic resistance in : Clinical failure
- Antibiotic resistance in : Life-saving dose — Section 403: Life-saving dose
- Antibiotic resistance in : Unnecessary course — Section 404: Unnecessary course
- Antibiotic resistance in : Selection, not spite · 405
- Antibiotic resistance in : Borrowed genes · 406
- Antibiotic resistance in 1961: Hospital pressure · 407 — Section 407: Hospital pressure
- Antibiotic resistance in 2019: Farm pressure · 408 — Section 408: Farm pressure
- Antibiotic resistance in 2050: Wastewater classroom · 409
- Antibiotic resistance in : Stewardship ethic · 410
- Antibiotic resistance in : Drug target · 411 — Section 411: Drug target
- Antibiotic resistance in : Inactivating enzymes · 412 — Section 412: Inactivating enzymes
- Antibiotic resistance in : Efflux pumps · 413
- Archaea in : 70S-class ribosome · 414 — Section 414: 70S-class ribosome
- Archaea in : Ether lipid membrane · 415 — Section 415: Ether lipid membrane
- Bacteria in : Nucleoid · 416 — Section 416: Nucleoid
- Bacteria in : Ribosomes (70S) · 417 — Section 417: Ribosomes (70S)
- Bacteriophages in : Tail · 418 — Section 418: Tail
- Bacteriophages in : Tail fibres · 419 — Section 419: Tail fibres
- Biofilms in : Build — Section 420: Build
- Biofilms in : Mature city
- Biofilms in : Disperse — Section 422: Disperse
- Biofilms in : Dental plaque — Section 423: Dental plaque
- Biofilms in : Urinary catheter — Section 424: Urinary catheter
- Biofilms in : Attachment · 425
- Biofilms in : Matrix · 426 — Section 426: Matrix
- Biofilms in : Gradients · 427 — Section 427: Gradients
- Biofilms in : Mixed species · 428 — Section 428: Mixed species
- Biofilms in : Dispersal · 429
- Biofilms in : Not a lab recipe · 430 — Section 430: Not a lab recipe
- Biofilms in : Adhesins · 431 — Section 431: Adhesins
- Biofilms in : Microcolony · 432 — Section 432: Microcolony
- Biofilms in : Channels · 433 — Section 433: Channels
- Escherichia coli in : Flagella · 434 — Section 434: Flagella
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Pili and adhesins · 435 — Section 435: Pili and adhesins
- Fermentation in : Glycolysis highway · 436 — Section 436: Glycolysis highway
- Fermentation in : End products · 437 — Section 437: End products
- Fungi in : Yeast cell · 438 — Section 438: Yeast cell
- Fungi in : Chitin wall · 439 — Section 439: Chitin wall
- Gut microbiome in : Lumen fermenters · 440 — Section 440: Lumen fermenters
- Gut microbiome in : Short-chain fatty acids · 441 — Section 441: Short-chain fatty acids
- Helicobacter pylori in : Flagella bundle · 442 — Section 442: Flagella bundle
- Helicobacter pylori in 1980: Urease enzyme · 443 — Section 443: Urease enzyme
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Uptake or injection — Section 444: Uptake or injection
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Establishment
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Further traffic — Section 446: Further traffic
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Gut marketplace — Section 447: Gut marketplace
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Hospital plasmids — Section 448: Hospital plasmids
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Sideways, not parent-child · 449
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Three named vehicles · 450 — Section 450: Three named vehicles
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Plasmids · 451 — Section 451: Plasmids
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Integrons · 452 — Section 452: Integrons
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Ecological speed · 453
- Horizontal gene transfer in : No protocol · 454 — Section 454: No protocol
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Free DNA · 455 — Section 455: Free DNA
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Pilus contact · 456 — Section 456: Pilus contact
- Horizontal gene transfer in : Phage passengers · 457
- Hygiene and balance in : Early lessons — Section 458: Early lessons
- Hygiene and balance in : Set-points — Section 459: Set-points
- Hygiene and balance in : Adult landscape — Section 460: Adult landscape
- Hygiene and balance in : Municipal water
- Hygiene and balance in : Childhood vaccines — Section 462: Childhood vaccines
- Hygiene and balance in : Family-size clue · 463 — Section 463: Family-size clue
- Hygiene and balance in : Old Friends · 464 — Section 464: Old Friends
- Hygiene and balance in : Clean-water win · 465
- Hygiene and balance in : Diversity, not dirt · 466 — Section 466: Diversity, not dirt
- Hygiene and balance in : Regulation · 467 — Section 467: Regulation
- Hygiene and balance in : Not a dare · 468 — Section 468: Not a dare
- Hygiene and balance in : Barrier flora · 469
- Hygiene and balance in : Regulatory T cells · 470 — Section 470: Regulatory T cells
- Hygiene and balance in : Helminth history · 471 — Section 471: Helminth history
- Influenza in : Segmented genome · 472 — Section 472: Segmented genome
- Influenza in 1918: Winter seasonality · 473
- Influenza in : Pandemic potential · 474 — Section 474: Pandemic potential
- Influenza in : Not stomach flu · 475 — Section 475: Not stomach flu
- Influenza in : HA entry · 476 — Section 476: HA entry
- Influenza in : NA exit · 477
- Influenza in : Nucleus step · 478 — Section 478: Nucleus step
- Mutation and variants in : Replication burst — Section 479: Replication burst
- Mutation and variants in : Mixed swarm — Section 480: Mixed swarm
- Mutation and variants in : Filter of hosts
- Mutation and variants in : Named lineage
- Mutation and variants in : Seasonal flu shot — Section 483: Seasonal flu shot
- Mutation and variants in : Prior COVID immunity — Section 484: Prior COVID immunity
- Mutation and variants in : Error-prone copy · 485
- Mutation and variants in : Selection filter · 486
- Mutation and variants in 1957: Antigenic surface · 487 — Section 487: Antigenic surface
- Mutation and variants in 1971: Reassortment · 488 — Section 488: Reassortment
- Mutation and variants in : Surveillance name · 489
- Mutation and variants in 2020: Not a moral agent · 490
- Mutation and variants in : Polymerase · 491 — Section 491: Polymerase
- Mutation and variants in : Genome segments or one piece · 492 — Section 492: Genome segments or one piece
- Nitrogen cycle in : Fix — Section 493: Fix
- Nitrogen cycle in : Build or mineralise — Section 494: Build or mineralise
- Nitrogen cycle in : Nitrify — Section 495: Nitrify
- Nitrogen cycle in : Return to air — Section 496: Return to air
- Nitrogen cycle in : Legume rotations — Section 497: Legume rotations
- Nitrogen cycle in : Haber-Bosch bread — Section 498: Haber-Bosch bread
- Nitrogen cycle in : Inert majority · 499 — Section 499: Inert majority
- Nitrogen cycle in : Nitrogenase club · 500 — Section 500: Nitrogenase club
- Nitrogen cycle in : Redox ladder · 501 — Section 501: Redox ladder
- Nitrogen cycle in 1909: Industrial twin · 502 — Section 502: Industrial twin
- Nitrogen cycle in : Greenhouse leak · 503 — Section 503: Greenhouse leak
- Nitrogen cycle in : No human pathogen plot · 504 — Section 504: No human pathogen plot
- Nitrogen cycle in 1990: Nitrogenase · 505 — Section 505: Nitrogenase
- Nitrogen cycle in : Root nodules · 506 — Section 506: Root nodules
- Norovirus in : Ingest few particles — Section 507: Ingest few particles
- Norovirus in : Gut illness — Section 508: Gut illness
- Norovirus in : Room contamination
- Norovirus in : Next host — Section 510: Next host
- Norovirus in : School winter — Section 511: School winter
- Norovirus in : Cruise cabin — Section 512: Cruise cabin
- Norovirus in : Naked capsid · 513
- Norovirus in 1968: Low dose · 514 — Section 514: Low dose
- Norovirus in 1972: Many genotypes · 515 — Section 515: Many genotypes
- Norovirus in : Vomit aerosol · 516 — Section 516: Vomit aerosol
- Norovirus in : Food handler · 517
- Norovirus in : Not influenza · 518 — Section 518: Not influenza
- Norovirus in : Capsid protein · 519 — Section 519: Capsid protein
- Norovirus in : RNA genome · 520 — Section 520: RNA genome
- Probiotics in : Swallow — Section 521: Swallow
- Probiotics in : Transit — Section 522: Transit
- Probiotics in : Transient effect — Section 523: Transient effect
- Probiotics in : No permanent install — Section 524: No permanent install
- Probiotics in : Food cultures — Section 525: Food cultures
- Probiotics in : Targeted trial uses — Section 526: Targeted trial uses
- Probiotics in : Must be alive · 527 — Section 527: Must be alive
- Probiotics in 2001: Strain, not genus · 528 — Section 528: Strain, not genus
- Probiotics in 1985: Adequate amount · 529 — Section 529: Adequate amount
- Probiotics in : Not the whole microbiome · 530 — Section 530: Not the whole microbiome
- Probiotics in : Food or capsule · 531 — Section 531: Food or capsule
- Probiotics in 2001: Debate is normal · 532 — Section 532: Debate is normal
- Probiotics in : Viable cells · 533 — Section 533: Viable cells
- Probiotics in : Strain designation · 534 — Section 534: Strain designation
- Protozoa in : Trophic feeding — Section 535: Trophic feeding
- Protozoa in : Binary fission or sex — Section 536: Binary fission or sex
- Protozoa in : Cyst or spore wait — Section 537: Cyst or spore wait
- Protozoa in : Transmission ecology — Section 538: Transmission ecology
- Protozoa in : Malaria parasites — Section 539: Malaria parasites
- Protozoa in : Water-borne cysts — Section 540: Water-borne cysts
- Protozoa in : Eukaryotic cells · 541 — Section 541: Eukaryotic cells
- Protozoa in : Motility styles · 542 — Section 542: Motility styles
- Protozoa in 1880: No typical fungal wall · 543 — Section 543: No typical fungal wall
- Protozoa in : Teaching grade · 544 — Section 544: Teaching grade
- Protozoa in : Free-living majority · 545 — Section 545: Free-living majority
- Protozoa in : Parasite minority · 546 — Section 546: Parasite minority
- Protozoa in : Nucleus · 547 — Section 547: Nucleus
- Protozoa in : Mitochondria or remnants · 548 — Section 548: Mitochondria or remnants
- Skin microbiome in : Seed from birth — Section 549: Seed from birth
- Skin microbiome in : Daily weather — Section 550: Daily weather
- Skin microbiome in : Rebound — Section 551: Rebound
- Skin microbiome in : Injury rewrite — Section 552: Injury rewrite
- Skin microbiome in : Barrier occupancy — Section 553: Barrier occupancy
- Skin microbiome in : Immune sampling — Section 554: Immune sampling
- Skin microbiome in : Site specificity · 555 — Section 555: Site specificity
- Skin microbiome in : Acid mantle · 556 — Section 556: Acid mantle
- Skin microbiome in : Occupancy · 557 — Section 557: Occupancy
- Skin microbiome in 2009: Yeast neighbours · 558 — Section 558: Yeast neighbours
- Skin microbiome in : Not a gut clone · 559 — Section 559: Not a gut clone
- Skin microbiome in : Washing is weather · 560 — Section 560: Washing is weather
- Skin microbiome in : Stratum corneum · 561 — Section 561: Stratum corneum
- Skin microbiome in : Sebaceous glands · 562 — Section 562: Sebaceous glands
- Soil microbes in : Input — Section 563: Input
- Soil microbes in : Decompose — Section 564: Decompose
- Soil microbes in : Partner or mineralise — Section 565: Partner or mineralise
- Soil microbes in : Return — Section 566: Return
- Soil microbes in : Crop nutrition — Section 567: Crop nutrition
- Soil microbes in : Compost — Section 568: Compost
- Soil microbes in : Extreme diversity · 569 — Section 569: Extreme diversity
- Soil microbes in : Aggregate cities · 570 — Section 570: Aggregate cities
- Soil microbes in : Mycorrhizal default · 571 — Section 571: Mycorrhizal default
- Soil microbes in : Chemical library · 572 — Section 572: Chemical library
- Soil microbes in 1943: Protozoan grazers · 573 — Section 573: Protozoan grazers
- Soil microbes in : Not a germ poster · 574 — Section 574: Not a germ poster
- Soil microbes in : Litter film · 575 — Section 575: Litter film
- Soil microbes in : Rhizosphere · 576 — Section 576: Rhizosphere
- Staphylococcus aureus in : mec cassette
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Biofilm on plastic — Section 578: Biofilm on plastic
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Carry — Section 579: Carry
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Break — Section 580: Break
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Local fire
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Rare spread — Section 582: Rare spread
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Silent carriage — Section 583: Silent carriage
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Boil and skin — Section 584: Boil and skin
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Grape clusters · 585
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1880: Coagulase · 586 — Section 586: Coagulase
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Skin talent · 587 — Section 587: Skin talent
- Staphylococcus aureus in : Toxin kit · 588 — Section 588: Toxin kit
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1961: MRSA file · 589
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1990: Not a movie monster · 590 — Section 590: Not a movie monster
- Tuberculosis in : Persisters — Section 591: Persisters
- Tuberculosis in : Inhale nuclei — Section 592: Inhale nuclei
- Tuberculosis in : Contain or progress
- Tuberculosis in : Latency years — Section 594: Latency years
- Tuberculosis in : Active cough — Section 595: Active cough
- Tuberculosis in : Crowded rooms — Section 596: Crowded rooms
- Tuberculosis in : Korea programmes
- Tuberculosis in : Acid-fast wall · 598 — Section 598: Acid-fast wall
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Airborne · 599 — Section 599: Airborne
- Tuberculosis in : Granuloma · 600 — Section 600: Granuloma
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Selection, not spite
- Archaea in 1977: Not bacteria — Section 602: Not bacteria
- Bacteria in 0: No nucleus — Section 603: No nucleus
- Bacteriophages in 1917: Viral, not cellular — Section 604: Viral, not cellular
- Biofilms in 1978: Attachment — Section 605: Attachment
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Commensal majority — Section 606: Commensal majority
- Fermentation in 1857: Anaerobic energy path — Section 607: Anaerobic energy path
- Fungi in 3: Chitin walls — Section 608: Chitin walls
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: Sideways, not parent-child — Section 609: Sideways, not parent-child
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Family-size clue — Section 610: Family-size clue
- Influenza in 1918: Types A and B — Section 611: Types A and B
- Mutation and variants in 10: Error-prone copy
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Inert majority — Section 613: Inert majority
- Norovirus in 1968: Naked capsid — Section 614: Naked capsid
- Probiotics in 2001: Must be alive — Section 615: Must be alive
- Protozoa in 10: Eukaryotic cells — Section 616: Eukaryotic cells
- Skin microbiome in 4: Site specificity — Section 617: Site specificity
- Soil microbes in 10: Extreme diversity — Section 618: Extreme diversity
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1880: Grape clusters — Section 619: Grape clusters
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Acid-fast wall — Section 620: Acid-fast wall
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: Antigen — Section 621: Antigen
- Viruses in 20: Not a cell — Section 622: Not a cell
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Borrowed genes — Section 623: Borrowed genes
- Bacteriophages in 4: Host specific — Section 624: Host specific
- Biofilms in 1978: Matrix — Section 625: Matrix
- Fungi in 3: Osmotrophy — Section 626: Osmotrophy
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Fibre as feedstock — Section 627: Fibre as feedstock
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Urease — Section 628: Urease
- Influenza in 1918: HA and NA — Section 629: HA and NA
- Protozoa in 10: Motility styles — Section 630: Motility styles
- Skin microbiome in 4: Acid mantle — Section 631: Acid mantle
- Viruses in 20: DNA or RNA genome — Section 632: DNA or RNA genome
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Hospital pressure
- Archaea in 1977: No peptidoglycan — Section 634: No peptidoglycan
- Bacteria in 0: Circular chromosome — Section 635: Circular chromosome
- Bacteriophages in 1917: Lytic or temperate — Section 636: Lytic or temperate
- Biofilms in 1978: Gradients — Section 637: Gradients
- Escherichia coli in 157: O and H names — Section 638: O and H names
- Fermentation in 1857: Acid as a fence — Section 639: Acid as a fence
- Fungi in 3: Hyphae and yeasts — Section 640: Hyphae and yeasts
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Diversity over a list — Section 641: Diversity over a list
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Clean-water win — Section 642: Clean-water win
- Influenza in 1918: Segmented genome — Section 643: Segmented genome
- Mutation and variants in 10: Antigenic surface
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Redox ladder — Section 645: Redox ladder
- Norovirus in 4: Many genotypes — Section 646: Many genotypes
- Probiotics in 2001: Adequate amount — Section 647: Adequate amount
- Protozoa in 10: No typical fungal wall — Section 648: No typical fungal wall
- Skin microbiome in 4: Occupancy — Section 649: Occupancy
- Soil microbes in 10: Mycorrhizal default — Section 650: Mycorrhizal default
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1880: Skin talent — Section 651: Skin talent
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Granuloma — Section 652: Granuloma
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: T-cell help — Section 653: T-cell help
- Viruses in 20: Capsid symmetry — Section 654: Capsid symmetry
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Farm pressure — Section 655: Farm pressure
- Archaea in 2: Methanogenesis — Section 656: Methanogenesis
- Bacteria in 16: 16S rRNA — Section 657: 16S rRNA
- Bacteriophages in 10: Earths majority vote — Section 658: Earths majority vote
- Biofilms in 1978: Mixed species — Section 659: Mixed species
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Indicator role — Section 660: Indicator role
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Early-life assembly — Section 661: Early-life assembly
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Childhood acquire — Section 662: Childhood acquire
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: Integrons — Section 663: Integrons
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Diversity, not dirt — Section 664: Diversity, not dirt
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Industrial twin — Section 665: Industrial twin
- Norovirus in 1968: Vomit aerosol — Section 666: Vomit aerosol
- Probiotics in 2001: Not the whole microbiome — Section 667: Not the whole microbiome
- Protozoa in 10: Teaching grade — Section 668: Teaching grade
- Skin microbiome in 4: Yeast neighbours — Section 669: Yeast neighbours
- Soil microbes in 10: Chemical library — Section 670: Chemical library
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1: Toxin kit — Section 671: Toxin kit
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Reactivation risk — Section 672: Reactivation risk
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: Memory — Section 673: Memory
- Viruses in 20: Obligate host — Section 674: Obligate host
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Wastewater classroom — Section 675: Wastewater classroom
- Archaea in 1977: Extremophile fame — Section 676: Extremophile fame
- Bacteria in 0: Binary fission — Section 677: Binary fission
- Bacteriophages in 2007: CRISPR memory — Section 678: CRISPR memory
- Biofilms in 1978: Dispersal — Section 679: Dispersal
- Escherichia coli in 12: Lab domestication — Section 680: Lab domestication
- Fermentation in 1857: Not rot by another name — Section 681: Not rot by another name
- Fungi in 3: Spores — Section 682: Spores
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Cross-talk with immunity — Section 683: Cross-talk with immunity
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Nobel ulcer — Section 684: Nobel ulcer
- Influenza in 1918: Pandemic potential — Section 685: Pandemic potential
- Norovirus in 1968: Food handler — Section 686: Food handler
- Probiotics in 2001: Food or capsule — Section 687: Food or capsule
- Soil microbes in 10: Protozoan grazers — Section 688: Protozoan grazers
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1880: Not a movie monster — Section 689: Not a movie monster
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Programme disease — Section 690: Programme disease
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: Herd arithmetic — Section 691: Herd arithmetic
- Viruses in 20: Narrow tropism — Section 692: Narrow tropism
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Stewardship ethic
- Archaea in 1977: No known pathogens — Section 694: No known pathogens
- Bacteria in 0: Metabolic range — Section 695: Metabolic range
- Bacteriophages in 1917: Transduction (concept) — Section 696: Transduction (concept)
- Biofilms in 1978: Not a lab recipe — Section 697: Not a lab recipe
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Plasmid luggage — Section 698: Plasmid luggage
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Antibiotics as weather — Section 699: Antibiotics as weather
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Not all gastritis — Section 700: Not all gastritis
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: No protocol — Section 701: No protocol
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Not a dare — Section 702: Not a dare
- Influenza in 1918: Not stomach flu — Section 703: Not stomach flu
- Mutation and variants in 10: Not a moral agent
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: No human pathogen plot — Section 705: No human pathogen plot
- Norovirus in 1968: Not influenza — Section 706: Not influenza
- Skin microbiome in 4: Washing is weather — Section 707: Washing is weather
- Soil microbes in 10: Not a germ poster — Section 708: Not a germ poster
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1880: Cell wall — Section 709: Cell wall
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Partial BCG — Section 710: Partial BCG
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: Trust and supply — Section 711: Trust and supply
- Viruses in 20: Rapid change (many RNA lineages) — Section 712: Rapid change (many RNA linea
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Drug target
- Archaea in 1977: Nucleoid — Section 714: Nucleoid
- Bacteria in 0: Nucleoid — Section 715: Nucleoid
- Bacteriophages in 4: Head (capsid) — Section 716: Head (capsid)
- Biofilms in 1978: Adhesins — Section 717: Adhesins
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Outer membrane — Section 718: Outer membrane
- Fermentation in 1857: Substrate sugars — Section 719: Substrate sugars
- Fungi in 2: Hypha — Section 720: Hypha
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Mucus layer — Section 721: Mucus layer
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Flagella bundle — Section 722: Flagella bundle
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: Free DNA — Section 723: Free DNA
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Barrier flora — Section 724: Barrier flora
- Influenza in 1918: HA entry — Section 725: HA entry
- Mutation and variants in 10: Polymerase — Section 726: Polymerase
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Nitrogenase — Section 727: Nitrogenase
- Norovirus in 1: Capsid protein — Section 728: Capsid protein
- Probiotics in 2001: Viable cells — Section 729: Viable cells
- Protozoa in 10: Mitochondria or remnants — Section 730: Mitochondria or remnants
- Skin microbiome in 4: Stratum corneum — Section 731: Stratum corneum
- Soil microbes in 10: Litter film — Section 732: Litter film
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1880: Protein A — Section 733: Protein A
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Mycolic wall — Section 734: Mycolic wall
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: Innate sensors — Section 735: Innate sensors
- Viruses in 20: Genome — Section 736: Genome
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Inactivating enzymes
- Archaea in 70: 70S-class ribosome — Section 738: 70S-class ribosome
- Bacteria in 80: Ribosomes (70S) — Section 739: Ribosomes (70S)
- Bacteriophages in 1917: Tail — Section 740: Tail
- Biofilms in 1978: Microcolony — Section 741: Microcolony
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Flagella — Section 742: Flagella
- Fermentation in 1857: Glycolysis highway — Section 743: Glycolysis highway
- Fungi in 3: Yeast cell — Section 744: Yeast cell
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Lumen fermenters — Section 745: Lumen fermenters
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Urease enzyme — Section 746: Urease enzyme
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: Pilus contact — Section 747: Pilus contact
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Regulatory T cells — Section 748: Regulatory T cells
- Influenza in 1918: NA exit — Section 749: NA exit
- Mutation and variants in 10: Genome segments or one piece — Section 750: Genome segments or one piece
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Root nodules — Section 751: Root nodules
- Norovirus in 1968: RNA genome — Section 752: RNA genome
- Probiotics in 2001: Strain designation — Section 753: Strain designation
- Protozoa in 10: Pellicle or test — Section 754: Pellicle or test
- Skin microbiome in 4: Sebaceous glands — Section 755: Sebaceous glands
- Soil microbes in 10: Rhizosphere — Section 756: Rhizosphere
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1880: Enterotoxins — Section 757: Enterotoxins
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Macrophage niche — Section 758: Macrophage niche
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: Lymph node classroom — Section 759: Lymph node classroom
- Viruses in 20: Capsid — Section 760: Capsid
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Efflux pumps
- Archaea in 1977: Ether lipid membrane — Section 762: Ether lipid membrane
- Bacteria in 0: Plasma membrane — Section 763: Plasma membrane
- Bacteriophages in 1917: Tail fibres — Section 764: Tail fibres
- Biofilms in 1978: Channels — Section 765: Channels
- Fungi in 3: Chitin wall — Section 766: Chitin wall
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Short-chain fatty acids — Section 767: Short-chain fatty acids
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Helminth history — Section 768: Helminth history
- Influenza in 1918: Nucleus step — Section 769: Nucleus step
- Mutation and variants in 10: Surface antigens — Section 770: Surface antigens
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Ammonia oxidisers — Section 771: Ammonia oxidisers
- Norovirus in 1968: Gut target — Section 772: Gut target
- Probiotics in 2001: Matrix (yoghurt vs pill) — Section 773: Matrix (yoghurt vs pill)
- Protozoa in 9: Motile organelles — Section 774: Motile organelles
- Skin microbiome in 4: Sweat and salt — Section 775: Sweat and salt
- Soil microbes in 10: Mycorrhizal hyphae — Section 776: Mycorrhizal hyphae
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1880: Panton-Valentine cue — Section 777: Panton-Valentine cue
- Viruses in 20: Envelope (some families) — Section 778: Envelope (some families)
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Porin change — Section 779: Porin change
- Archaea in 1977: S-layer — Section 780: S-layer
- Bacteria in 0: Cell wall — Section 781: Cell wall
- Bacteriophages in 2: Genome — Section 782: Genome
- Biofilms in 1978: Slow members — Section 783: Slow members
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Shiga toxin — Section 784: Shiga toxin
- Fermentation in 1857: Salt and water activity — Section 785: Salt and water activity
- Fungi in 3: Spitzenkörper — Section 786: Spitzenkörper
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Bile-tolerant specialists — Section 787: Bile-tolerant specialists
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Cag pathogenicity island — Section 788: Cag pathogenicity island
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: Recombination — Section 789: Recombination
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Antibiotic pruning — Section 790: Antibiotic pruning
- Influenza in 1918: Airway damage — Section 791: Airway damage
- Mutation and variants in 10: Within-host cloud
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Nitrate — Section 793: Nitrate
- Norovirus in 1968: Environmental grit — Section 794: Environmental grit
- Probiotics in 2001: Acid and bile resistance — Section 795: Acid and bile resistance
- Protozoa in 10: Contractile vacuole — Section 796: Contractile vacuole
- Skin microbiome in 4: Hair follicles — Section 797: Hair follicles
- Soil microbes in 10: Anaerobic microsites — Section 798: Anaerobic microsites
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1880: mec cassette — Section 799: mec cassette
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Lymph travel — Section 800: Lymph travel
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Selection, not spite — Selection, not spite
- Archaea in 1977: Not bacteria — Not bacteria — Section 802: Not bacteria
- Bacteriophages in 1917: Viral, not cellular — Viral, not cellular — Section 803: Viral, not cellular
- Biofilms in 1978: Attachment — Attachment — Section 804: Attachment
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Commensal majority — Commensal majority — Section 805: Commensal majority
- Fermentation in 1857: Anaerobic energy path — Anaerobic energy path — Section 806: Anaerobic energy path
- Fungi in 3: Chitin walls — Chitin walls — Section 807: Chitin walls
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Community, not a species — Section 808: Community, not a species
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Spiral and flagella — Spiral and flagella — Section 809: Spiral and flagella
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Family-size clue — Family-size clue
- Influenza in 1918: Types A and B — Types A and B — Section 811: Types A and B
- Mutation and variants, Error-prone copy, 1957
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Inert majority — Inert majority — Section 813: Inert majority
- Norovirus, Naked capsid, 1968
- Probiotics in 2001: Must be alive — Must be alive — Section 815: Must be alive
- Protozoa in 10: Eukaryotic cells — Eukaryotic cells — Section 816: Eukaryotic cells
- Skin microbiome in 4: Site specificity — Site specificity — Section 817: Site specificity
- Soil microbes, Extreme diversity, 1943
- Staphylococcus aureus, Grape clusters, 1880
- Tuberculosis, Acid-fast wall, 1882
- Vaccines and immunity, Edward Jenner, 1798
- Viruses, Not a cell, 1980
- Antibiotic resistance, Borrowed genes, 1961 3
- Archaea, Ether-linked, 1977
- Bacteriophages in 4: Host specific — Host specific — Section 825: Host specific
- Biofilms, William Costerton, 1670
- Escherichia coli, Pathotype minority, 1885 3
- Fermentation, NAD+ recycling, 1857
- Fungi, Chitin (not, 1928
- Gut microbiome, Fibre as feedstock, 2007
- Helicobacter pylori, In –84 Barry, 2005 3
- Hygiene and balance, Old Friends, 1989
- Influenza, HA and NA, 1918
- Mutation and variants, Selection filter, 1957
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Nitrogenase club — Nitrogenase club — Section 835: Nitrogenase club
- Norovirus, Low dose, 1968
- Probiotics, Strain, not genus, 2001
- Protozoa, Motility styles, 1900
- Skin microbiome, Acid mantle, 2009 3
- Soil microbes, Aggregate cities, 1943
- Staphylococcus aureus, Surgeon Alexander, 1880
- Tuberculosis, On 24 March, 1882
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: Antigen — Antigen — Section 843: Antigen
- Viruses, DNA or RNA genome, 1980
- Antibiotic resistance, Hospital pressure, 1961
- Archaea, No peptidoglycan, 1977
- Bacteriophages, Lytic or temperate, 1915
- Biofilms, Plaque is the, 1670
- Fermentation, Acid as a fence, 1857
- Fungi, Hyphae and yeasts, 1928
- Gut microbiome, Diversity over a, 2007
- Helicobacter pylori, CagA talk, 2005
- Hygiene and balance, Clean-water win, 1989
- Influenza, Segmented genome, 1918
- Mutation and variants, Antigenic surface, 1957
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Redox ladder — Redox ladder — Section 856: Redox ladder
- Norovirus, Many genotypes, 1972
- Probiotics, Adequate amount, 1985
- Protozoa, No typical fungal, 1900
- Skin microbiome, A site-specific, 2009
- Soil microbes, Mycorrhizal, 1943
- Staphylococcus aureus, Skin talent, 1880
- Tuberculosis, Infection is, 1882
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: Antibodies — Section 864: Antibodies
- Viruses, Capsid symmetry, 1980
- Antibiotic resistance, Farm pressure, 2019
- Archaea, This atlas treats, 1977
- Bacteriophages, Earths majority, 1915
- Biofilms, Mixed species, 1670
- Escherichia coli, Indicator role, 1982
- Fermentation, Community craft, 1857
- Fungi, Closer to animals, 1928
- Gut microbiome, Early-life, 2007 3
- Helicobacter pylori, Childhood acquire, 2005
- Hygiene and balance, Diversity, not, 1989
- Influenza, Winter seasonality, 1918
- Mutation and variants, Manfred Eigen ( ), 1971
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Industrial twin — Industrial twin — Section 878: Industrial twin
- Norovirus, Vomit aerosol, 1968
- Probiotics, Not the whole, 2001
- Protozoa, Teaching grade, 1900
- Skin microbiome, Yeast neighbours, 2009
- Soil microbes, Chemical library, 1943
- Staphylococcus aureus, Toxin kit, 1880
- Tuberculosis, Reactivation risk, 1882 3
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: T-cell help — T-cell help — Section 886: T-cell help
- Viruses, Obligate host, 1980
- Antibiotic resistance, Wastewater, 1961
- Archaea, Extremophile fame, 1977
- Bacteriophages in 1917: Lytic or temperate — Lytic or temperate — Section 890: Lytic or temperate
- Biofilms, Surface cities of, 1670 3
- Escherichia coli, Lab domestication, 1885
- Fermentation, Not rot by, 1857
- Fungi, Fungi are, 1928
- Gut microbiome, Cross-talk with, 2007
- Helicobacter pylori, Nobel ulcer, 2005
- Hygiene and balance, Clean water saves, 1989
- Influenza, Pandemic potential, 1918
- Mutation and variants, Surveillance name, 1957
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Greenhouse leak — Section 900: Greenhouse leak
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Selection, not spite — Section 901: Selection, not spite
- Archaea in 1977: Not bacteria — Section 902: Not bacteria
- Bacteria in 0: No nucleus — Section 903: No nucleus
- Bacteriophages in 1917: Viral, not cellular — Section 904: Viral, not cellular
- Biofilms in 1978: Attachment — Section 905: Attachment
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Commensal majority — Section 906: Commensal majority
- Fermentation in 1857: Anaerobic energy path — Section 907: Anaerobic energy path
- Fungi in 3: Chitin walls — Section 908: Chitin walls
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Community, not a species — Section 909: Community, not a species
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Spiral and flagella — Section 910: Spiral and flagella
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: Sideways, not parent-child — Section 911: Sideways, not parent-child
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Family-size clue — Section 912: Family-size clue
- Influenza in 1918: Types A and B — Section 913: Types A and B
- Mutation and variants in 10: Error-prone copy — Section 914: Error-prone copy
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Inert majority — Section 915: Inert majority
- Norovirus in 1968: Naked capsid — Section 916: Naked capsid
- Probiotics in 2001: Must be alive — Section 917: Must be alive
- Protozoa in 10: Eukaryotic cells — Section 918: Eukaryotic cells
- Skin microbiome in 4: Site specificity — Section 919: Site specificity
- Soil microbes in 10: Extreme diversity — Section 920: Extreme diversity
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1880: Grape clusters — Section 921: Grape clusters
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Acid-fast wall — Section 922: Acid-fast wall
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: Antigen — Section 923: Antigen
- Viruses in 20: Not a cell — Section 924: Not a cell
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Borrowed genes — Section 925: Borrowed genes
- Archaea in 1977: Ether-linked lipids — Section 926: Ether-linked lipids
- Bacteria in 0: Peptidoglycan — Section 927: Peptidoglycan
- Bacteriophages in 4: Host specific — Section 928: Host specific
- Biofilms in 1978: Matrix — Section 929: Matrix
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Pathotype minority — Section 930: Pathotype minority
- Fermentation in 1857: NAD+ recycling — Section 931: NAD+ recycling
- Fungi in 3: Osmotrophy — Section 932: Osmotrophy
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Fibre as feedstock — Section 933: Fibre as feedstock
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Urease — Section 934: Urease
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: Three named vehicles — Section 935: Three named vehicles
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Old Friends — Section 936: Old Friends
- Influenza in 1918: HA and NA — Section 937: HA and NA
- Mutation and variants in 10: Selection filter — Section 938: Selection filter
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Nitrogenase club — Section 939: Nitrogenase club
- Norovirus in 1968: Low dose — Section 940: Low dose
- Probiotics in 2001: Strain, not genus — Section 941: Strain, not genus
- Protozoa in 10: Motility styles — Section 942: Motility styles
- Skin microbiome in 4: Acid mantle — Section 943: Acid mantle
- Soil microbes in 10: Aggregate cities — Section 944: Aggregate cities
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1880: Coagulase — Section 945: Coagulase
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Airborne — Section 946: Airborne
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: Antibodies — Section 947: Antibodies
- Viruses in 20: DNA or RNA genome — Section 948: DNA or RNA genome
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Hospital pressure — Section 949: Hospital pressure
- Archaea in 1977: No peptidoglycan — Section 950: No peptidoglycan
- Bacteria in 0: Circular chromosome — Section 951: Circular chromosome
- Bacteriophages in 1917: Lytic or temperate — Section 952: Lytic or temperate
- Biofilms in 1978: Gradients — Section 953: Gradients
- Escherichia coli in 157: O and H names — Section 954: O and H names
- Fermentation in 1857: Acid as a fence — Section 955: Acid as a fence
- Fungi in 3: Hyphae and yeasts — Section 956: Hyphae and yeasts
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Diversity over a list — Section 957: Diversity over a list
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: CagA talk — Section 958: CagA talk
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: Plasmids — Section 959: Plasmids
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Clean-water win — Section 960: Clean-water win
- Influenza in 1918: Segmented genome — Section 961: Segmented genome
- Mutation and variants in 10: Antigenic surface — Section 962: Antigenic surface
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Redox ladder — Section 963: Redox ladder
- Norovirus in 4: Many genotypes — Section 964: Many genotypes
- Probiotics in 2001: Adequate amount — Section 965: Adequate amount
- Protozoa in 10: No typical fungal wall — Section 966: No typical fungal wall
- Skin microbiome in 4: Occupancy — Section 967: Occupancy
- Soil microbes in 10: Mycorrhizal default — Section 968: Mycorrhizal default
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1880: Skin talent — Section 969: Skin talent
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Granuloma — Section 970: Granuloma
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: T-cell help — Section 971: T-cell help
- Viruses in 20: Capsid symmetry — Section 972: Capsid symmetry
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Farm pressure — Section 973: Farm pressure
- Archaea in 2: Methanogenesis — Section 974: Methanogenesis
- Bacteria in 16: 16S rRNA — Section 975: 16S rRNA
- Bacteriophages in 10: Earths majority vote — Section 976: Earths majority vote
- Biofilms in 1978: Mixed species — Section 977: Mixed species
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Indicator role — Section 978: Indicator role
- Fermentation in 1857: Community craft — Section 979: Community craft
- Fungi in 3: Closer to animals — Section 980: Closer to animals
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Early-life assembly — Section 981: Early-life assembly
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Childhood acquire — Section 982: Childhood acquire
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: Integrons — Section 983: Integrons
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Diversity, not dirt — Section 984: Diversity, not dirt
- Influenza in 1918: Winter seasonality — Section 985: Winter seasonality
- Mutation and variants in 1957: Reassortment — Section 986: Reassortment
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Industrial twin — Section 987: Industrial twin
- Norovirus in 1968: Vomit aerosol — Section 988: Vomit aerosol
- Probiotics in 2001: Not the whole microbiome — Section 989: Not the whole microbiome
- Protozoa in 10: Teaching grade — Section 990: Teaching grade
- Skin microbiome in 4: Yeast neighbours — Section 991: Yeast neighbours
- Soil microbes in 10: Chemical library — Section 992: Chemical library
- Staphylococcus aureus in 1: Toxin kit — Section 993: Toxin kit
- Tuberculosis in 1882: Reactivation risk — Section 994: Reactivation risk
- Vaccines and immunity in 1796: Memory — Section 995: Memory
- Viruses in 20: Obligate host — Section 996: Obligate host
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Wastewater classroom — Section 997: Wastewater classroom
- Archaea in 1977: Extremophile fame — Section 998: Extremophile fame
- Bacteria in 0: Binary fission — Section 999: Binary fission
- Bacteriophages in 2007: CRISPR memory — Section 1000: CRISPR memory
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Selection, not spite — Section 1001: Selection, not spite
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Farm pressure — Section 1002: Farm pressure
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Drug target — Section 1003: Drug target
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Porin change — Section 1004: Porin change
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Exposure — Section 1005: Exposure
- Antibiotic resistance in 1945: Clinical failure — Section 1006: Clinical failure
- Archaea in 1977: No peptidoglycan — Section 1007: No peptidoglycan
- Archaea in 1977: No known pathogens — Section 1008: No known pathogens
- Archaea in 1977: Ether lipid membrane — Section 1009: Ether lipid membrane
- Archaea in 420: Cofactors (F420, methanopterin) — Section 1010: Cofactors (F420, methanopter
- Archaea in 1977: Divide — Section 1011: Divide
- Bacteria in 0: Peptidoglycan — Section 1012: Peptidoglycan
- Bacteria in 0: Binary fission — Section 1013: Binary fission
- Bacteria in 80: Ribosomes (70S) — Section 1014: Ribosomes (70S)
- Bacteria in 0: Flagella — Section 1015: Flagella
- Bacteria in 0: Exponential — Section 1016: Exponential
- Bacteriophages in 1917: Viral, not cellular — Section 1017: Viral, not cellular
- Bacteriophages in 10: Earths majority vote — Section 1018: Earths majority vote
- Bacteriophages in 4: Head (capsid) — Section 1019: Head (capsid)
- Bacteriophages in 2: Genome — Section 1020: Genome
- Bacteriophages in 1917: Adsorb — Section 1021: Adsorb
- Bacteriophages in 1917: Burst or wait — Section 1022: Burst or wait
- Biofilms in 1978: Gradients — Section 1023: Gradients
- Biofilms in 1978: Not a lab recipe — Section 1024: Not a lab recipe
- Biofilms in 1978: Channels — Section 1025: Channels
- Biofilms in 1978: Shed particles — Section 1026: Shed particles
- Biofilms in 1978: Disperse — Section 1027: Disperse
- Escherichia coli in 157: O and H names — Section 1028: O and H names
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Plasmid luggage — Section 1029: Plasmid luggage
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Pili and adhesins — Section 1030: Pili and adhesins
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Vitamin K role — Section 1031: Vitamin K role
- Escherichia coli in 1885: Shed in stool — Section 1032: Shed in stool
- Fermentation in 1857: NAD+ recycling — Section 1033: NAD+ recycling
- Fermentation in 1857: Not rot by another name — Section 1034: Not rot by another name
- Fermentation in 1857: Glycolysis highway — Section 1035: Glycolysis highway
- Fermentation in 1857: Koji enzymes — Section 1036: Koji enzymes
- Fermentation in 1857: Acidify or ethanolise — Section 1037: Acidify or ethanolise
- Fungi in 3: Osmotrophy — Section 1038: Osmotrophy
- Fungi in 3: Spores — Section 1039: Spores
- Fungi in 3: Yeast cell — Section 1040: Yeast cell
- Fungi in 3: Fruiting body — Section 1041: Fruiting body
- Fungi in 3: Vegetative growth — Section 1042: Vegetative growth
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Community, not a species — Section 1043: Community, not a species
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Early-life assembly — Section 1044: Early-life assembly
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Mucus layer — Section 1045: Mucus layer
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Bile-tolerant specialists — Section 1046: Bile-tolerant specialists
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Arrive and assemble — Section 1047: Arrive and assemble
- Gut microbiome in 2007: Disturb and recover — Section 1048: Disturb and recover
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: CagA talk — Section 1049: CagA talk
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Not all gastritis — Section 1050: Not all gastritis
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Adhesins — Section 1051: Adhesins
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Acquire young — Section 1052: Acquire young
- Helicobacter pylori in 2005: Ulcer or rare cancer path — Section 1053: Ulcer or rare cancer path
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: Plasmids — Section 1054: Plasmids
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: No protocol — Section 1055: No protocol
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: Phage passengers — Section 1056: Phage passengers
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: Selection after arrival — Section 1057: Selection after arrival
- Horizontal gene transfer in 1928: Establishment — Section 1058: Establishment
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Old Friends — Section 1059: Old Friends
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Regulation — Section 1060: Regulation
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Regulatory T cells — Section 1061: Regulatory T cells
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Urban air and diet — Section 1062: Urban air and diet
- Hygiene and balance in 1989: Early lessons — Section 1063: Early lessons
- Influenza in 1918: Types A and B — Section 1064: Types A and B
- Influenza in 1918: Winter seasonality — Section 1065: Winter seasonality
- Influenza in 1918: HA entry — Section 1066: HA entry
- Influenza in 1918: Airway damage — Section 1067: Airway damage
- Influenza in 1918: Inhale — Section 1068: Inhale
- Influenza in 1918: Recover or complicate — Section 1069: Recover or complicate
- Mutation and variants in 10: Antigenic surface — Section 1070: Antigenic surface
- Mutation and variants in 10: Not a moral agent — Section 1071: Not a moral agent
- Mutation and variants in 10: Surface antigens — Section 1072: Surface antigens
- Mutation and variants in 10: Immune landscape — Section 1073: Immune landscape
- Mutation and variants in 10: Filter of hosts — Section 1074: Filter of hosts
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Nitrogenase club — Section 1075: Nitrogenase club
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Greenhouse leak — Section 1076: Greenhouse leak
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Root nodules — Section 1077: Root nodules
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Denitrifiers — Section 1078: Denitrifiers
- Nitrogen cycle in 2: Build or mineralise — Section 1079: Build or mineralise
- Norovirus in 1968: Naked capsid — Section 1080: Naked capsid
- Norovirus in 1968: Vomit aerosol — Section 1081: Vomit aerosol
- Norovirus in 1: Capsid protein — Section 1082: Capsid protein
- Norovirus in 1968: Environmental grit — Section 1083: Environmental grit
- Norovirus in 1968: Ingest few particles — Section 1084: Ingest few particles
- Norovirus in 1968: Next host — Section 1085: Next host
- Probiotics in 2001: Adequate amount — Section 1086: Adequate amount
- Probiotics in 2001: Debate is normal — Section 1087: Debate is normal
- Probiotics in 2001: Matrix (yoghurt vs pill) — Section 1088: Matrix (yoghurt vs pill)
- Probiotics in 2001: No virulence kit — Section 1089: No virulence kit
- Probiotics in 2001: No permanent install — Section 1090: No permanent install
- Protozoa in 10: No typical fungal wall — Section 1091: No typical fungal wall
- Protozoa in 10: Parasite minority — Section 1092: Parasite minority
- Protozoa in 9: Motile organelles — Section 1093: Motile organelles
- Protozoa in 10: Trophic feeding — Section 1094: Trophic feeding
- Protozoa in 10: Transmission ecology — Section 1095: Transmission ecology
- Skin microbiome in 4: Occupancy — Section 1096: Occupancy
- Skin microbiome in 4: Washing is weather — Section 1097: Washing is weather
- Skin microbiome in 4: Sweat and salt — Section 1098: Sweat and salt
- Skin microbiome in 4: Transient hitchhikers — Section 1099: Transient hitchhikers
- Skin microbiome in 4: Rebound — Section 1100: Rebound
- Benchmark Study 1: Antibiotic resistance at Threshold 1945 in Hospital pressure
- Comparative Model #2 — Analyzing Antibiotic resistance & Inactivating enzymes
- Workbench Dossier 3: Precision Diagnostics for Antibiotic resistance (Exposure)
- Field Measurement Guide #4: Applying Parameter 1977 to Archaea
- Nine-Country Matrix #5: Cross-Regional Variance in Archaea
- Technical Report #6 — Verifying Cofactors (F420, methanopterin) (420) for Archaea
- Decision Matrix #7: Evaluating Bacteria under No nucleus
- Quantitative Simulation #8: Bacteria & Metabolic range (0)
- Benchmark Study 9: Bacteria at Threshold 0 in Flagella
- Comparative Model #10 — Analyzing Bacteria & Decline or spore
- Workbench Dossier 11: Precision Diagnostics for Bacteriophages (CRISPR memory)
- Field Measurement Guide #12: Applying Parameter 2 to Bacteriophages
- Nine-Country Matrix #13: Cross-Regional Variance in Bacteriophages
- Technical Report #14 — Verifying Mixed species (1978) for Biofilms
- Decision Matrix #15: Evaluating Biofilms under Channels
- Quantitative Simulation #16: Biofilms & Mature city (1978)
- Benchmark Study 17: Escherichia coli at Threshold 1885 in Indicator role
- Comparative Model #18 — Analyzing Escherichia coli & Pili and adhesins
- Workbench Dossier 19: Precision Diagnostics for Escherichia coli (Reside or invade)
- Field Measurement Guide #20: Applying Parameter 1857 to Fermentation
- Nine-Country Matrix #21: Cross-Regional Variance in Fermentation
- Technical Report #22 — Verifying Select the vat (1857) for Fermentation
- Decision Matrix #23: Evaluating Fungi under Hyphae and yeasts
- Quantitative Simulation #24: Fungi & Yeast cell (3)
- Benchmark Study 25: Fungi at Threshold 3 in Spore landing
- Comparative Model #26 — Analyzing Gut microbiome & Fibre as feedstock
- Workbench Dossier 27: Precision Diagnostics for Gut microbiome (Mucus layer)
- Field Measurement Guide #28: Applying Parameter 2007 to Gut microbiome
- Nine-Country Matrix #29: Cross-Regional Variance in Helicobacter pylori
- Technical Report #30 — Verifying Not all gastritis (1982) for Helicobacter pylori
- Decision Matrix #31: Evaluating Helicobacter pylori under Mucus pH gradient
- Quantitative Simulation #32: Horizontal gene transfer & Sideways, not parent-child (1928)
- Benchmark Study 33: Horizontal gene transfer at Threshold 1928 in No protocol
- Comparative Model #34 — Analyzing Horizontal gene transfer & Restriction and CRISPR
- Workbench Dossier 35: Precision Diagnostics for Horizontal gene transfer (Further traffic)
- Field Measurement Guide #36: Applying Parameter 1989 to Hygiene and balance
- Nine-Country Matrix #37: Cross-Regional Variance in Hygiene and balance
- Technical Report #38 — Verifying Set-points (1989) for Hygiene and balance
- Decision Matrix #39: Evaluating Influenza under Winter seasonality
- Quantitative Simulation #40: Influenza & Nucleus step (1918)
- Benchmark Study 41: Influenza at Threshold 1918 in Replicate
- Comparative Model #42 — Analyzing Mutation and variants & Antigenic surface
- Workbench Dossier 43: Precision Diagnostics for Mutation and variants (Genome segments or one piece)
- Field Measurement Guide #44: Applying Parameter 10 to Mutation and variants
- Nine-Country Matrix #45: Cross-Regional Variance in Nitrogen cycle
- Technical Report #46 — Verifying Nitrogenase (2) for Nitrogen cycle
- Decision Matrix #47: Evaluating Nitrogen cycle under Anammox planctomycetes
- Quantitative Simulation #48: Norovirus & Naked capsid (1968)
- Benchmark Study 49: Norovirus at Threshold 1968 in Not influenza
- Comparative Model #50 — Analyzing Norovirus & HBGA binding
- Workbench Dossier 51: Precision Diagnostics for Norovirus (Next host)
- Field Measurement Guide #52: Applying Parameter 2001 to Probiotics
- Nine-Country Matrix #53: Cross-Regional Variance in Probiotics
- Technical Report #54 — Verifying No permanent install (2001) for Probiotics
- Decision Matrix #55: Evaluating Protozoa under Free-living majority
- Quantitative Simulation #56: Protozoa & Contractile vacuole (10)
- Benchmark Study 57: Protozoa at Threshold 10 in Transmission ecology
- Comparative Model #58 — Analyzing Skin microbiome & Not a gut clone
- Workbench Dossier 59: Precision Diagnostics for Skin microbiome (Hair follicles)
- Field Measurement Guide #60: Applying Parameter 4 to Skin microbiome
- Nine-Country Matrix #61: Cross-Regional Variance in Soil microbes
- Technical Report #62 — Verifying Mycorrhizal hyphae (10) for Soil microbes
- Decision Matrix #63: Evaluating Soil microbes under Decompose
- Quantitative Simulation #64: Staphylococcus aureus & Skin talent (1880)
- Benchmark Study 65: Staphylococcus aureus at Threshold 1880 in Enterotoxins
- Comparative Model #66 — Analyzing Staphylococcus aureus & Break
- Workbench Dossier 67: Precision Diagnostics for Tuberculosis (Granuloma)
- Field Measurement Guide #68: Applying Parameter 1882 to Tuberculosis
- Nine-Country Matrix #69: Cross-Regional Variance in Tuberculosis
- Technical Report #70 — Verifying Antibodies (1796) for Vaccines and immunity
- Decision Matrix #71: Evaluating Vaccines and immunity under Innate sensors
- Quantitative Simulation #72: Vaccines and immunity & Platforms (1796)
- Benchmark Study 73: Viruses at Threshold 20 in Not a cell
- Comparative Model #74 — Analyzing Viruses & Rapid change (many RNA lineages)
- Workbench Dossier 75: Precision Diagnostics for Viruses (No ribosomes)
- Field Measurement Guide #76: Applying Parameter 1945 to Antibiotic resistance
- Nine-Country Matrix #77: Cross-Regional Variance in Antibiotic resistance
- Technical Report #78 — Verifying Plasmids and integrons (1945) for Antibiotic resistance
- Decision Matrix #79: Evaluating Antibiotic resistance under Clinical failure
- Quantitative Simulation #80: Archaea & Extremophile fame (1977)
- Benchmark Study 81: Archaea at Threshold 1977 in S-layer
- Comparative Model #82 — Analyzing Archaea & Divide
- Workbench Dossier 83: Precision Diagnostics for Bacteria (16S rRNA)
- Field Measurement Guide #84: Applying Parameter 0 to Bacteria
- Nine-Country Matrix #85: Cross-Regional Variance in Bacteria
- Technical Report #86 — Verifying Lytic or temperate (1917) for Bacteriophages
- Decision Matrix #87: Evaluating Bacteriophages under Tail
- Quantitative Simulation #88: Bacteriophages & Adsorb (1917)
- Benchmark Study 89: Biofilms at Threshold 1978 in Matrix
- Comparative Model #90 — Analyzing Biofilms & Adhesins
- Workbench Dossier 91: Precision Diagnostics for Biofilms (Shed particles)
- Field Measurement Guide #92: Applying Parameter 1885 to Escherichia coli
- Nine-Country Matrix #93: Cross-Regional Variance in Escherichia coli
- Technical Report #94 — Verifying Vitamin K role (1885) for Escherichia coli
- Decision Matrix #95: Evaluating Fermentation under Anaerobic energy path
- Quantitative Simulation #96: Fermentation & Human alliance (1857)
- Benchmark Study 97: Fermentation at Threshold 1857 in Koji enzymes
- Comparative Model #98 — Analyzing Fungi & Chitin walls
- Workbench Dossier 99: Precision Diagnostics for Fungi (Partnership default)
- Field Measurement Guide #100: Applying Parameter 3 to Fungi
- Nine-Country Matrix #101: Cross-Regional Variance in Fungi
- Technical Report #102 — Verifying Cross-talk with immunity (2007) for Gut microbiome
- Decision Matrix #103: Evaluating Gut microbiome under Bile-tolerant specialists
- Quantitative Simulation #104: Gut microbiome & Turnover (2007)
- Benchmark Study 105: Helicobacter pylori at Threshold 1982 in Childhood acquire
- Comparative Model #106 — Analyzing Helicobacter pylori & Adhesins
- Workbench Dossier 107: Precision Diagnostics for Helicobacter pylori (Chronic gastritis)
- Field Measurement Guide #108: Applying Parameter 1928 to Horizontal gene transfer
- Nine-Country Matrix #109: Cross-Regional Variance in Horizontal gene transfer
- Technical Report #110 — Verifying Uptake or injection (1928) for Horizontal gene transfer
- Decision Matrix #111: Evaluating Hygiene and balance under Clean-water win
- Quantitative Simulation #112: Hygiene and balance & Regulatory T cells (1989)
- Benchmark Study 113: Hygiene and balance at Threshold 1989 in Birth and first colonizers
- Comparative Model #114 — Analyzing Influenza & HA and NA
- Workbench Dossier 115: Precision Diagnostics for Influenza (HA entry)
- Field Measurement Guide #116: Applying Parameter 1918 to Influenza
- Nine-Country Matrix #117: Cross-Regional Variance in Mutation and variants
- Technical Report #118 — Verifying Not a moral agent (10) for Mutation and variants
- Decision Matrix #119: Evaluating Mutation and variants under Bottleneck
- Quantitative Simulation #120: Mutation and variants & Named lineage (10)
- Benchmark Study 121: Nitrogen cycle at Threshold 2 in Greenhouse leak
- Comparative Model #122 — Analyzing Nitrogen cycle & Nitrate
- Workbench Dossier 123: Precision Diagnostics for Nitrogen cycle (Nitrify)
- Field Measurement Guide #124: Applying Parameter 1968 to Norovirus
- Nine-Country Matrix #125: Cross-Regional Variance in Norovirus
- Technical Report #126 — Verifying Gut illness (1968) for Norovirus
- Decision Matrix #127: Evaluating Probiotics under Adequate amount
- Quantitative Simulation #128: Probiotics & Strain designation (2001)
- Benchmark Study 129: Probiotics at Threshold 2001 in Transit
- Comparative Model #130 — Analyzing Protozoa & No typical fungal wall
- Workbench Dossier 131: Precision Diagnostics for Protozoa (Pellicle or test)
- Field Measurement Guide #132: Applying Parameter 10 to Protozoa
- Nine-Country Matrix #133: Cross-Regional Variance in Skin microbiome
- Technical Report #134 — Verifying Sebaceous glands (4) for Skin microbiome
- Decision Matrix #135: Evaluating Skin microbiome under Seed from birth
- Quantitative Simulation #136: Soil microbes & Aggregate cities (10)
- Benchmark Study 137: Soil microbes at Threshold 10 in Litter film
- Comparative Model #138 — Analyzing Soil microbes & Virus particles
- Workbench Dossier 139: Precision Diagnostics for Staphylococcus aureus (Grape clusters)
- Field Measurement Guide #140: Applying Parameter 1880 to Staphylococcus aureus
- Nine-Country Matrix #141: Cross-Regional Variance in Staphylococcus aureus
- Technical Report #142 — Verifying Acid-fast wall (1882) for Tuberculosis
- Decision Matrix #143: Evaluating Tuberculosis under Partial BCG
- Quantitative Simulation #144: Tuberculosis & Slow generation (1882)
- Benchmark Study 145: Tuberculosis at Threshold 1882 in Active cough
- Comparative Model #146 — Analyzing Vaccines and immunity & Herd arithmetic
- Workbench Dossier 147: Precision Diagnostics for Vaccines and immunity (Cytotoxic T cells)
- Field Measurement Guide #148: Applying Parameter 1796 to Vaccines and immunity
- Nine-Country Matrix #149: Cross-Regional Variance in Viruses
- Technical Report #150 — Verifying Envelope (some families) (20) for Viruses
- Decision Matrix #151: Evaluating Viruses under Replicate with the host
- Quantitative Simulation #152: Antibiotic resistance & Farm pressure (1945)
- Benchmark Study 153: Antibiotic resistance at Threshold 1945 in Efflux pumps
- Comparative Model #154 — Analyzing Antibiotic resistance & Unequal survival
- Workbench Dossier 155: Precision Diagnostics for Archaea (No peptidoglycan)
- Field Measurement Guide #156: Applying Parameter 70 to Archaea
- Nine-Country Matrix #157: Cross-Regional Variance in Archaea
- Technical Report #158 — Verifying Peptidoglycan (0) for Bacteria
- Decision Matrix #159: Evaluating Bacteria under Nucleoid
- Quantitative Simulation #160: Bacteria & Plasmids (0)
- Benchmark Study 161: Bacteriophages at Threshold 1917 in Viral, not cellular
- Comparative Model #162 — Analyzing Bacteriophages & Transduction (concept)
- Workbench Dossier 163: Precision Diagnostics for Bacteriophages (Baseplate)
- Field Measurement Guide #164: Applying Parameter 1917 to Bacteriophages
- Nine-Country Matrix #165: Cross-Regional Variance in Biofilms
- Technical Report #166 — Verifying Slow members (1978) for Biofilms
- Decision Matrix #167: Evaluating Biofilms under Disperse
- Quantitative Simulation #168: Escherichia coli & Lab domestication (12)
- Benchmark Study 169: Escherichia coli at Threshold 1885 in Shiga toxin
- Comparative Model #170 — Analyzing Escherichia coli & Shed in stool
- Workbench Dossier 171: Precision Diagnostics for Fermentation (Community craft)
- Field Measurement Guide #172: Applying Parameter 2 to Fermentation
- Nine-Country Matrix #173: Cross-Regional Variance in Fermentation
- Technical Report #174 — Verifying Closer to animals (3) for Fungi
- Decision Matrix #175: Evaluating Fungi under Chitin wall
- Quantitative Simulation #176: Fungi & Vegetative growth (3)
- Benchmark Study 177: Gut microbiome at Threshold 2007 in Diversity over a list
- Comparative Model #178 — Analyzing Gut microbiome & Lumen fermenters
- Workbench Dossier 179: Precision Diagnostics for Gut microbiome (Arrive and assemble)
- Field Measurement Guide #180: Applying Parameter 1982 to Helicobacter pylori
- Nine-Country Matrix #181: Cross-Regional Variance in Helicobacter pylori
- Technical Report #182 — Verifying Acquire young (1982) for Helicobacter pylori
- Decision Matrix #183: Evaluating Horizontal gene transfer under Three named vehicles
- Quantitative Simulation #184: Horizontal gene transfer & Free DNA (1928)
- Benchmark Study 185: Horizontal gene transfer at Threshold 1928 in Selection after arrival
- Comparative Model #186 — Analyzing Hygiene and balance & Family-size clue
- Workbench Dossier 187: Precision Diagnostics for Hygiene and balance (Not a dare)
- Field Measurement Guide #188: Applying Parameter 1989 to Hygiene and balance
- Nine-Country Matrix #189: Cross-Regional Variance in Hygiene and balance
- Technical Report #190 — Verifying Pandemic potential (1918) for Influenza
- Decision Matrix #191: Evaluating Influenza under Airway damage
- Quantitative Simulation #192: Influenza & Shed and feel ill (1918)
- Benchmark Study 193: Mutation and variants at Threshold 1957 in Reassortment
- Comparative Model #194 — Analyzing Mutation and variants & Surface antigens
- Workbench Dossier 195: Precision Diagnostics for Mutation and variants (Mixed swarm)
- Field Measurement Guide #196: Applying Parameter 2 to Nitrogen cycle
- Nine-Country Matrix #197: Cross-Regional Variance in Nitrogen cycle
- Technical Report #198 — Verifying Fix (2) for Nitrogen cycle
- Decision Matrix #199: Evaluating Norovirus under Low dose
- Quantitative Simulation #200: Norovirus & Capsid protein (1)
1300 reading pieces, each with a name, a number, and a decision. They sit beside the atlas entry. They do not replace it.
Figures to keep
- 1300
- All 1300 essays
Global Benchmark & Interactive Workbench
Microbiome Diversity & Fermentation Kinetics Simulator
Adjust the domain parameters below to compute real-time benchmark metrics and export the resulting chart directly to the Visualization Studio.
Computed Benchmark Index
74
Global Percentile Rank
71%
Recommended Action Threshold
Balanced Standard Zone
Nine-Country Institutional & Statutory Comparison Matrix
Comparative reference baselines across nine major jurisdictions and regulatory standards.
| Jurisdiction | Institutional Standard | Benchmark Score | Compliance Tier |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Federal & National Institute Standard | Tier 1 Harmonized | |
| South Korea | National Statutory & Ministry Standard | Tier 1 Harmonized | |
| Japan | National Agency & Industrial Standard | Tier 1 Harmonized | |
| China | National Directorate & Technical Standard | Active Standard | |
| Spain | State Official & European Framework | Active Standard | |
| France | National High Authority Framework | Tier 1 Harmonized | |
| Germany | Federal Institute & Normative Standard | Tier 1 Harmonized | |
| Brazil | National Agency & Federal Norm | Active Standard | |
| Russia | State Academy & Federal Standard | Active Standard |
Interactive Scenario & Decision Matrix
Select your current objective to inspect the recommended benchmark, threshold, and verification path.
The encounter to keep is {route0}.
Briefing 11 for Antibiotic resistance aligns condition “Selection, not spite” with reference value 1945 on the ground.
Antibiotic resistance: 1945 (2026)Keep this fact beside the route: {fact0}.
Reading 12 of Antibiotic resistance uses “Borrowed genes” and figure 1945 as a checkable baseline.
Antibiotic resistance: 1945 (2026)Say {route0}, then {fact0}. That is the one-line scale.
Atlas note 13 on Antibiotic resistance defines the operating range of 1945 when “Hospital pressure” applies.
Antibiotic resistance: 1945 (2026)Reading 4 of Antibiotic resistance uses “Farm pressure” and figure 1945 as a checkable baseline.
Dossier 14 for Antibiotic resistance links case “Farm pressure” directly to metric 1945 (2026).
Antibiotic resistance: 1945 (2026)United States (US) Institutional & Field Benchmark
US- Primary reference framework
- Everything About Microbes (US)
- Verification standard
- Antibiotic resistance · Selection, not spite
- Metric & unit convention
- Antibiotic resistance · 1945 (2026)
Atlas note 21 on Antibiotic resistance defines the operating range of 1945 when “Selection, not spite” applies.
Self-Diagnostic Readiness Checklist
Baseline stage (0–1/5): verify primary definitions and core thresholds before acting.
5-Step Execution & Verification Playbook
- Name the encounter route — In the encounter-route picker, read the first listed route: {route0}. It is a public-health interface already on this page — pick it to reopen later.
- Read one quick fact as scale literacy — From quick facts, treat {fact0} as classroom context. It teaches scale and history, not your personal test result.
- Use the log-scale slider as teaching — The nm slider on this atlas compares sizes in powers of ten. It is a teaching device on published marks, not a measurement of you.
- This is not a diagnosis — Nothing on {name} issues a care plan, prescription, or outbreak alert. Seek a clinician for personal medical advice.
- Antibiotic resistance (5) — Atlas note 45 on Antibiotic resistance defines the operating range of 1945 when “Selection, not spite” applies.
Myth vs. Evidence Fact-Check
Is influenza a virus or a bacterium?
Influenza viruses are Orthomyxoviridae. Types A and B drive most human seasonal disease; A also has animal reservoirs. This page is an encounter atlas — not a lab result or a diagnosis.
How soon after exposure do flu symptoms start?
Symptoms often start about 1–4 days after exposure. People can shed virus before they feel ill. Teaching fact only — not a personal care plan.
Which encounter routes are already listed on this influenza page?
Six public-health encounters already written here: seasonal wave (community), hospital pneumonia (risk), workplace spread (everyday), vaccine offer (prevention), travel mixing (ecology), and antiviral stewardship (clinic). Pick one to reopen later. Classroom literacy — not an outbreak alert.
Which influenza A subtypes have circulated in people in recent decades?
Seasonal A viruses in people have been mainly H1N1 and H3N2, plus influenza B lineages. WHO-linked meetings pick Northern Hemisphere vaccine strains in February and Southern ones in September.
Domain Jargon & Terminology Decoder
- Antibiotic resistance (Selection, not spite)
- Atlas note 61 on Antibiotic resistance defines the operating range of 1945 when “Selection, not spite” applies.
- Antibiotic resistance (Borrowed genes)
- Dossier 62 for Antibiotic resistance links case “Borrowed genes” directly to metric 1945 (2026).
- Antibiotic resistance (Hospital pressure)
- Field guide 63 on Antibiotic resistance checks parameter 1945 first whenever evaluating “Hospital pressure”.
- Antibiotic resistance (Farm pressure)
- Section 64 on Antibiotic resistance pairs “Farm pressure” with benchmark figure 1945 (2026) for a grounded decision.
- Antibiotic resistance (Wastewater classroom)
- Analysis 65 for Antibiotic resistance anchors “Wastewater classroom” to indicator 1945 so readers can verify the scale.
- Antibiotic resistance (Stewardship ethic)
- Record 66 on Antibiotic resistance explains what the threshold 1945 means in practice under “Stewardship ethic”.
Risk & Failure-Mode Early Warning Radar
- Field guide 71 on Antibiotic resistance checks parameter 1945 first whenever evaluating “Selection, not spite”.
- Section 72 on Antibiotic resistance pairs “Borrowed genes” with benchmark figure 1945 (2026) for a grounded decision.
- Analysis 73 for Antibiotic resistance anchors “Hospital pressure” to indicator 1945 so readers can verify the scale.
- Record 74 on Antibiotic resistance explains what the threshold 1945 means in practice under “Farm pressure”.