Buildings
Structure, lining, insulation or finish depending on family.
膨張塗料 earns its keep in systems: a beam, a batt, a fibre blend, a coated steel — rarely a lone coupon.
Products below are cultural landmarks as much as SKUs.
産業
Transport
Mass, fire and fatigue rewrite the grade list.
Energy
Heat, voltage and hydrogen compatibility.
Consumer
The volume that pays for the mill.
Medical / food
When allowed — extractables and allergies matter.
Defence / safety
Ballistics, FR clothing, fire stops.
製品
Exposed Corten+IFR
2000s
ISO 834 furnace
1975–
UL 1709 jet fire
offshore
APP-PER-MEL triad
chem
DFT gauge
site
Hydrocarbon epoxy
1980s–
Wood IFR varnish
historic
Topcoat weathering
2010s
組み合わせ
steel
The substrate that needs the char.
gypsum-board
The bulky alternative.
mineral-wool
Spray or board fire protection.
nomex
FR for people, not for beams.
If the pairing is wrong, the material will be blamed for a system fault.