Commodity
Index-linkedBulk 銅 follows a global index more than a boutique mill.
Prices are bands. A 2024 coil is not a 2026 contract. Labour and certification often dwarf the commodity.
Producers listed are landmarks for orientation, not a ranking or a procurement list.
コスト帯
Specified grade
PremiumTight chemistry, cleanliness or certification multiplies the unit price.
System
InstalledBoards, coats and labour dwarf kilogram prices.
Certified / medical / aero
HighestPaperwork is the product.
Trial / green route
PolicyLow-carbon or bio routes still trade on certificates.
地域
East Asia
Volume production and finishing.
Europe
Standards (EN, Euroclass) and specialty.
North America
ASTM / NFPA language and large domestic mills.
Korea / Japan
High-spec sheet, fibres, electronics-adjacent ceramics.
Resource belts
Ore, plantations or energy that feed primary routes.
Global trade
銅 moves as coils, bales, boards or chemicals — check HS codes, not vibes.
主要数字
8.96 g/cm³Density
~400 W/m·KThermal
A1 metalFire letter
6Atlas insulation
生産者
Codelco
Chilean state miner, the volume benchmark.
Freeport-McMoRan
Grasberg and Americas pits.
BHP
Escondida stake and Olympic Dam.
Southern 銅
Andes operations.
Aurubis
European smelting and recycling.
Jiangxi 銅
Chinese smelting scale.
Ask for the route (primary, scrap, bio) before believing a green label.