Thirty Years' War (1631): Magdeburg
[287] [desk-thirty-years-2] The 1618 revolt and Frederick V's brief winter kingship ended at White Mountain (8 November 1620). Habsburg re On a timeline, write the date and place of Thirty Years' War before any adjective of victory. Year 1631, line “Magdeburg,” figure 05. Do not read the dead as points. 1648 treaties of Munster and Osnabruck -- later a theory-label as much as a document.
The 1618 revolt and Frederick V's brief winter kingship ended at White Mountain (8 November 1620). Habsburg reconquest brought forced re-Catholicisation and exile -- a Bohemian tragedy that later Czech memory never treated as a German footnote. The war then spilled to the Palatinate and the Rhine.
Christian IV's Danish war (1625-29) failed. Gustavus Adolphus landed in 1630, won Breitenfeld, and made Sweden a great power before dying at Lutzen. His chancellor Oxenstierna kept Sweden in the war. Albrecht von Wallenstein's imperial armies -- raised as a private-public enterprise -- showed how the war was financed by plunder as much as by tax.
Richelieu's France, a Catholic monarchy, funded Protestants and then entered openly in 1635 against the Habsburgs. The last decade was a great-power war with a German address. Rocroi (1643) marked Spanish tercios' decline; the Empire was already a graveyard of villages. Two treaties in 1648: Osnabruck (with Sweden) and Munster (with France). Cuius regio eius religio was adjusted; Calvinism gained recognition; the Emperor's power inside the Empire shrank.
The timeline keeps year, place, and what moved. If “Magdeburg” is the movement, the figure is 05 and the year is 1631.1631
Figures to keep
- Year of the action
- 1631
- Figure in the record
- 05
- Action
- Thirty Years' War
- Line of the front
- Magdeburg
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