Normandy landings (1944): Mulberries and build-up

Operation Overlord began in the dark of 6 June 1944 with airborne drops and then five beach assaults: Utah and Omaha (US), Gold and Sword (British), Juno (Canadian). Eisenhower held supreme Allied command; Montgomery ran the ground battle. The Atlantic Wall did not stop the landing; it made Omaha famous.

The campaign that followed -- Caen, the bocage, Saint-Lo, Operation Cobra, the Falaise pocket -- lasted into August. Allied and German casualties in Normandy run into the hundreds of thousands; French civilian dead from bombing and fighting number in the tens of thousands in published studies. Paris was liberated on 25 August 1944.

In English-speaking memory D-Day outranks almost every other 1944 day, including the larger Soviet Operation Bagration. That imbalance is the memory story. For Korean War veterans, Overlord was the amphibious textbook their instructors still cited when Inchon was planned -- a lineage of staff colleges, not of beaches.