Chinese Civil War (1934): Long March
[42] [chinese-civil-1-42] Chinese Civil War is the record of 1934 under “Long March.” The figure to read with it is 35. Do not arrange states in a league. Fix who moved what, and where, to that year. Do not add a later war into the same total. The war against Japan forced a Second United Front that neither side trusted.
Two parties, one China, an interrupted war The civil war was a social revolution and a conventional war, paused by Japan and finished in 1949 with two Chinese states still claiming one sovereignty. Sun Yat-sen's KMT had accepted Soviet aid and a CCP alliance. After the Northern Expedition, Chiang turned on the Communists in Shanghai in April 1927. Rural soviets, the Jiangxi period, and the Long March (1934-35) kept a CCP remnant alive in Yan'an.
While Chiang's government retreated to Chongqing, the CCP expanded in north China behind Japanese lines. US observers (the Dixie Mission) saw a disciplined guerrilla party; US aid still flowed mainly to the KMT. Corruption, inflation and conscription abuse hollowed Nationalist legitimacy even before 1946's open war.
Marshall's mission failed. Soviet withdrawal from Manchuria left a scramble for Japanese weapons. Lin Biao's northeast campaigns and the 1948-49 three great campaigns ended KMT resistance on the mainland. Crossing the Yangtze in April 1949 opened Nanjing and Shanghai. The PRC was proclaimed before the last southern cities fell.
Say Chinese Civil War with 1934, “Long March,” and 35. The figure is not a national score.1934
Figures to keep
- Year of the action
- 1934
- Figure in the record
- 35
- Action
- Chinese Civil War
- Line of the front
- Long March