分数是本图鉴内的相对0–100分。用于浏览，不是工程规格。
简短问答
这类交通工具要看哪些本地机构或走廊规则？
先看本地视角中的型式认定、营运许可与枢纽——不要假定一份全球清单。
Is this a buying guide?
No. Tool-Lifes /vehicles is an educational atlas. It explains history, systems and culture without affiliate rankings.
Are the scores official?
No. The six scores are relative editorial 0–100 marks across the 48 types on this site.
Where do the photos come from?
Lead images resolve from Wikimedia Commons via Wikipedia titles on the English masters, with licences recorded on the credits page.
Why metric units?
Metric is the default. Regional notes (US customary, local brand culture) appear in culture and market chapters.
How is this different from a wiki article?
Each type gets seven fixed-depth chapters, comparable scores and cross-type labs — structured for browsing, not a single freeform page.
地铁的推进、结构、控制与安全在同一运行包线内耦合。先分清各系统名称与职责，便于故障模式与合规审查。
下方仪表为设计裕度、可维护性与人因的相对评分，用于同级平台比较。
系统
车体·转向架
就地铁而言，Multiple-unit cars share traction and braking; walk-through gangways increase usable capacity.
受流·牵引
就地铁而言，Contact shoes pick up 750 V DC (typical) from third rail or overhead in some systems.
悬挂·轨面
就地铁而言，Communication-based train control shrinks headway by tracking train positions dynamically.
信号·ATP/CBTC
就地铁而言，PSDs interlock with train doors to prevent falls and improve climate control.
旅客·疏散
就地铁而言，Tunnel fans and shaft dampers manage smoke during underground incidents.
空气动力
就地铁而言，CCTV and load weighing inform dispatch; automated announcements cycle stops.
相对量表
热点
就地铁而言，Third-rail insulators
就地铁而言，Track fires and shoe loss occur when insulators fail or debris bridges rails.
就地铁而言，Door 电机 gearboxes
就地铁而言，Misaligned doors block CBTC departure interlocks and swell dwell.
就地铁而言，制动 pad/disc wear
就地铁而言，Squeal and longer stopping distances appear before minimum thickness.
就地铁而言，Tunnel drainage
就地铁而言，Pump failures flood low points and trigger speed restrictions.
就地铁而言，Signal radio drops
就地铁而言，CBTC handoffs fail in metal tunnel nulls without leaky feeder coverage.
材料
就地铁而言，Stainless steel car shells
就地铁而言，Corrosion resistance in humid tunnels extends service life.
就地铁而言，Phenolic third-rail covers
就地铁而言，Insulating covers protect maintenance staff from live rail.
就地铁而言，Sintered 制动 blocks
就地铁而言，Low-noise compositions reduce wayside squeal in stations.
就地铁而言，Halogen-free cable insulation
就地铁而言，Low-smoke cables reduce toxic load during tunnel fires.
Keep exploring
More in 铁路
高速铁路
重塑城际走廊的专用高速客运列车。
综合 83 🚂货运列车
跨洲运送散货与集装箱的铁路货运。
综合 58 🚊有轨电车
路面与轻轨车辆，连接社区与市中心。
综合 65 🚝单轨列车
单梁高架交通。
综合 58 🚄磁悬浮列车
悬浮在磁场上的列车——近乎无摩擦的航空级速度。
综合 76 🚂蒸汽机车
用煤与水开创铁路时代的铁马。
综合 42 🚈轻轨
介于有轨电车与地铁之间 — 专用道与路面混跑的城市轨道。
综合 69 🚞缆索铁路
在陡坡上用缆绳牵引的城市与山地铁路。
综合 58 🚞齿轨铁路
Trains that bite a toothed rack on steep grades — mountain lines where adhesion alone cannot hold.
综合 53