分数是本图鉴内的相对0–100分。用于浏览，不是工程规格。
简短问答
这类交通工具要看哪些本地机构或走廊规则？
先看本地视角中的型式认定、营运许可与枢纽——不要假定一份全球清单。
Is this a buying guide?
No. Tool-Lifes /vehicles is an educational atlas. It explains history, systems and culture without affiliate rankings.
Are the scores official?
No. The six scores are relative editorial 0–100 marks across the 48 types on this site.
Where do the photos come from?
Lead images resolve from Wikimedia Commons via Wikipedia titles on the English masters, with licences recorded on the credits page.
Why metric units?
Metric is the default. Regional notes (US customary, local brand culture) appear in culture and market chapters.
How is this different from a wiki article?
Each type gets seven fixed-depth chapters, comparable scores and cross-type labs — structured for browsing, not a single freeform page.
蒸汽机车的推进、结构、控制与安全在同一运行包线内耦合。先分清各系统名称与职责，便于故障模式与合规审查。
下方仪表为设计裕度、可维护性与人因的相对评分，用于同级平台比较。
系统
车体·转向架
就蒸汽机车而言，Firebox tubes transfer heat to water-steam; pressure vessel ratings govern working steam pressure.
受流·牵引
就蒸汽机车而言，Piston and crosshead convert steam expansion into crank rotation via Stephenson or Walschaerts valve gear.
悬挂·轨面
就蒸汽机车而言，Driver controls steam admission timing and cutoff for efficient expansion versus starting torque.
信号·ATP/CBTC
就蒸汽机车而言，Pressure gauge, water glass, and injectors dominate human feedback—no electronic aids.
旅客·疏散
就蒸汽机车而言，Pop valves vent overpressure; fusible plugs melt if water level exposes firebox crown.
空气动力
就蒸汽机车而言，Fuel and feedwater capacity set range; injectors and pumps maintain boiler level while moving.
相对量表
热点
就蒸汽机车而言，Firebox stays
就蒸汽机车而言，Broken stays leak and weaken shell—requires immediate out-of-service repair.
就蒸汽机车而言，Tube plate cracking
就蒸汽机车而言，Thermal cycling at throat sheet leads to costly boiler work.
就蒸汽机车而言，Valve gear wear
就蒸汽机车而言，Sloppy linkages cause uneven power and excessive coal use.
就蒸汽机车而言，Driver tire shells
就蒸汽机车而言，Hollow wear and thermal shells cause rough riding and flange stress.
就蒸汽机车而言，Injector clogging
就蒸汽机车而言，Poor feedwater treatment blocks injectors on grades.
材料
就蒸汽机车而言，Firebox copper stays
就蒸汽机车而言，Conduct heat while tying inner and outer firebox sheets.
就蒸汽机车而言，Wrought iron/steel boiler plate
就蒸汽机车而言，Riveted or welded shells per historic construction era.
就蒸汽机车而言，Graphite lubricants
就蒸汽机车而言，Cylinder oils tolerate high steam temperature interfaces.
就蒸汽机车而言，Bituminous coal grades
就蒸汽机车而言，Heat content and clinker formation affect fireman workload.
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