分数是本图鉴内的相对0–100分。用于浏览，不是工程规格。
简短问答
这类交通工具要看哪些本地机构或走廊规则？
先看本地视角中的型式认定、营运许可与枢纽——不要假定一份全球清单。
Is this a buying guide?
No. Tool-Lifes /vehicles is an educational atlas. It explains history, systems and culture without affiliate rankings.
Are the scores official?
No. The six scores are relative editorial 0–100 marks across the 48 types on this site.
Where do the photos come from?
Lead images resolve from Wikimedia Commons via Wikipedia titles on the English masters, with licences recorded on the credits page.
Why metric units?
Metric is the default. Regional notes (US customary, local brand culture) appear in culture and market chapters.
How is this different from a wiki article?
Each type gets seven fixed-depth chapters, comparable scores and cross-type labs — structured for browsing, not a single freeform page.
Rack railway的推进、结构、控制与安全在同一运行包线内耦合。先分清各系统名称与职责，便于故障模式与合规审查。
下方仪表为设计裕度、可维护性与人因的相对评分，用于同级平台比较。
系统
车体·转向架
就Rack railway而言，Toothed rack between running rails meshes with locomotive pinions for positive traction on grades to ~25%. Riggenbach, Abt, and Strub profiles define tooth geometry and switch complexity.
受流·牵引
就Rack railway而言，Most rack lines use adhesion on gentler sections and engage rack 电机s on climb segments via pneumatic or hydraulic lift of pinion wheels.
悬挂·轨面
就Rack railway而言，Historic steam rack locos carry angled boilers; modern lines use multi-电机 electrics with regenerative braking on descents.
信号·ATP/CBTC
就Rack railway而言，Special switches guide pinions into and out of rack sections without tooth impact—alignment tolerances are tight.
旅客·疏散
就Rack railway而言，Adhesion 制动s supplement rack-specific calipers or claw 制动s that bite the rack rail on overspeed.
空气动力
就Rack railway而言，Short consists on tourist peaks use strong couplers and spring buffers for stop-start on steep platforms.
相对量表
热点
就Rack railway而言，Rack tooth wear
就Rack railway而言，Peaked or chipped teeth cause pinion bounce and noise before catastrophic skip.
就Rack railway而言，Pinion lift mechanism
就Rack railway而言，Failed engagement leaves loco spinning on adhesion-only sections above design grade.
就Rack railway而言，Rack switch points
就Rack railway而言，Misaligned switches strip pinion teeth at transition speed.
就Rack railway而言，Overhead wire tension
就Rack railway而言，Steep grades change effective catenary sag and pantograph contact force.
就Rack railway而言，制动 shoe glazing
就Rack railway而言，Long descents fade adhesion 制动s if regen or rack 制动s underperform.
材料
就Rack railway而言，Mn steel rack teeth
就Rack railway而言，Hardened rack segments bolt to base rail for field replacement.
就Rack railway而言，Forged pinion segments
就Rack railway而言，Modular pinion wheels allow tooth section swaps without full axle removal.
就Rack railway而言，Phosphor bronze slide shoes
就Rack railway而言，Pantograph or collector shoes on historic lines reduce wire wear.
就Rack railway而言，Composite 制动 blocks
就Rack railway而言，Low-dust formulations meet tunnel air quality on alpine lines.