Les scores sont des notes relatives 0–100 dans cet atlas. Pour parcourir, pas une spécification technique.
Derniere relecture Sources et creditsCrédits médiasMéthodologie
Reponses courtes
Quelle autorité ou quel corridor local compte pour ce type ?
Commencez par la lentille locale : homologation, licences et hubs — pas une checklist mondiale.
Is this a buying guide?
No. Tool-Lifes /vehicles is an educational atlas. It explains history, systems and culture without affiliate rankings.
Are the scores official?
No. The six scores are relative editorial 0–100 marks across the 48 types on this site.
Where do the photos come from?
Lead images resolve from Wikimedia Commons via Wikipedia titles on the English masters, with licences recorded on the credits page.
Why metric units?
Metric is the default. Regional notes (US customary, local brand culture) appear in culture and market chapters.
How is this different from a wiki article?
Each type gets seven fixed-depth chapters, comparable scores and cross-type labs — structured for browsing, not a single freeform page.
Sur Tramwayway, propulsion, structure, commande et sécurité partagent la même enveloppe d'exploitation.
Les jauges résument marge structurelle, maintenabilité et facteurs humains en score relatif.
Systèmes
Structure
Tramwayway: 100%-low-floor designs use small wheels or hub motors to keep aisle height at platform level.
Propulsion
Tramwayway: Pantograph/trolley pole picks 600–750 V DC; ground-level APS segments power in heritage zones.
Énergie
Tramwayway: Magnetic track brakes and sand improve stop distance on wet grooved rail.
Commande
Tramwayway: Transit signal priority and stop annunciators sync with mixed-traffic streets.
Interface
Tramwayway: Front modules absorb impacts with cars and pedestrians at urban speeds.
Sécurité
Tramwayway: Supercapacitors or batteries bridge dead overhead sections and enable partial off-wire ops.
Indicateurs relatifs
Points chauds
Tramwayway: Grooved rail wear
Tramwayway: Flange gap widens causing wheel climb and derail risk at switches.
Tramwayway: Trolley rope/pan wear
Tramwayway: Head wire notching drops contact force in curves.
Tramwayway: Point machine alignment
Tramwayway: Switch throw failures strand trams mid-intersection.
Tramwayway: Hub motor seals
Tramwayway: Water ingress on low-floor motors causes bearing failures.
Tramwayway: APS ground segments
Tramwayway: Misaligned ground shoes arc and trip ground-fault protection.
Matériaux
Tramwayway: Grooved girder rail
Tramwayway: City rail profiles guide wheel flanges through tight street curves.
Tramwayway: Cu contact wire
Tramwayway: Overhead conductors sized for peak acceleration current.
Tramwayway: Composite front cap
Tramwayway: Energy-absorbing modules meet pedestrian impact standards.
Tramwayway: MnCu alloy wheels
Tramwayway: Resistant to shelling on frequent stop-start duty.
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