Les scores sont des notes relatives 0–100 dans cet atlas. Pour parcourir, pas une spécification technique.
Derniere relecture Sources et creditsCrédits médiasMéthodologie
Reponses courtes
Quelle autorité ou quel corridor local compte pour ce type ?
Commencez par la lentille locale : homologation, licences et hubs — pas une checklist mondiale.
Is this a buying guide?
No. Tool-Lifes /vehicles is an educational atlas. It explains history, systems and culture without affiliate rankings.
Are the scores official?
No. The six scores are relative editorial 0–100 marks across the 48 types on this site.
Where do the photos come from?
Lead images resolve from Wikimedia Commons via Wikipedia titles on the English masters, with licences recorded on the credits page.
Why metric units?
Metric is the default. Regional notes (US customary, local brand culture) appear in culture and market chapters.
How is this different from a wiki article?
Each type gets seven fixed-depth chapters, comparable scores and cross-type labs — structured for browsing, not a single freeform page.
Sur Capsule habitée, propulsion, structure, commande et sécurité partagent la même enveloppe d'exploitation.
Les jauges résument marge structurelle, maintenabilité et facteurs humains en score relatif.
Systèmes
Structure
Capsule habitée: Aluminum or composite shell holds cabin atmosphere for crew during ascent, orbit, and reentry.
Propulsion
Capsule habitée: Solid or liquid abort motors pull capsule off failing booster within milliseconds.
Énergie
Capsule habitée: APAS/NDS ports mate to stations; ECLSS scrubs CO2 and manages humidity and O2.
Commande
Capsule habitée: Ablative or tiled TPS dissipates reentry plasma heat on blunt base.
Interface
Capsule habitée: Drogue then main chutes slow descent; airbags or retro rockets cushion touchdown.
Sécurité
Capsule habitée: Fault-tolerant computers run guidance; crew interfaces for manual backup modes.
Indicateurs relatifs
Points chauds
Capsule habitée: TPS breach
Capsule habitée: Damaged heat shield threatens structural temperature limits on reentry.
Capsule habitée: Parachute reefing
Capsule habitée: Line twist or failed mortar deploy causes hard impact.
Capsule habitée: ECLSS filter clog
Capsule habitée: CO2 scrubber saturation forces early deorbit or station rely.
Capsule habitée: Hatch seal leak
Capsule habitée: Micrometeoroid or seal wear raises leak rate beyond scrubber capacity.
Capsule habitée: Touchscreen fault
Capsule habitée: Crew must fall back to hard switches for critical abort commands.
Matériaux
Capsule habitée: Avcoat / PICA ablator
Capsule habitée: Char-forming material sheds heat flux during peak heating.
Capsule habitée: Ti pressure shell
Capsule habitée: Machined rings and welded domes meet crew module pressure loads.
Capsule habitée: Nomex harness webbing
Capsule habitée: Crew restraint straps meet dynamic landing load cases.
Capsule habitée: LiOH CO2 scrubber
Capsule habitée: Consumable canisters remove carbon dioxide in closed-loop life support.