Mark Spitz
Alexander Popov
Stat by stat
Bars are scaled to the leader in this list.
The verdict
Mark Spitz leads 3 of 4 categories. Our all-time ranking places Mark Spitz at #3 and Alexander Popov at #7.
The case for Mark Spitz
For 36 years the standard by which all Olympic swimmers were judged. At the Munich 1972 Games, Spitz won seven gold medals in seven events, every single one in world-record time, a perfect performance not surpassed until Phelps in 2008. Across two Olympics he collected nine golds and 11 medals in total, and over his career he set 33 world records in freestyle and butterfly. He retired at just 22, at his peak, before the World Championships even existed (the first were held in 1973), which is why his title tally sits outside that column. His combination of sprint speed and butterfly power, and the sheer perfection of Munich, keeps him among the immortals despite his short career.
The case for Alexander Popov
The 'Russian Rocket', the greatest pure sprint freestyler of the 1990s and a technician of legendary smoothness. Popov won the 50m and 100m freestyle at back-to-back Olympics, Barcelona 1992 and Atlanta 1996, four individual golds and nine Olympic medals in total, along with around six world-championship titles across a long career. Remarkably, he was stabbed in a Moscow street incident in 1996 yet returned to competition and set a 50m freestyle world record of 21.64 in 2000. Coached by Gennadi Touretski, Popov swam with a famously long, relaxed stroke that let him dominate the sprints for a decade, and he remained competitive into his early thirties, an unusual feat for a sprinter, winning world titles in 2003.