Baseball in 1890: The lineup and the designated hitter

MLB drew 71.3 million fans in 2024; Japan's NPB set its own record with more than 26 million The 2024 Dodgers-Yankees World Series averaged 15.8 million US viewers per game, plus a massive overnight audience in Japan 90 feet between bases and 60 feet 6 inches from the pitching rubber to home plate, unchanged since the 1890s

Baseball inverts the logic of almost every other team sport: the defense holds the ball, the offense scores by running a circuit, and until 2023 no clock governed anything. A game ends when 27 outs are recorded, whether that takes two hours or five. The sport is built from discrete, repeatable confrontations — one pitcher against one hitter, roughly 290 pitches per game — which is precisely why it became the most measured, most statistically literate game on earth. A .300 batting average has meant excellence since the 1870s, and failure in seven of ten attempts remains the benchmark of greatness.

Its geography is distinctive. Baseball is the national sport in practice of the United States, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Cuba, Venezuela, and the Dominican Republic — a country of 11 million that supplied over 100 players to MLB opening-day rosters in 2024. Japan's NPB outdraws every football league in Europe but the Bundesliga and Premier League, and the 2023 World Baseball Classic final, which ended with Shohei Ohtani striking out Mike Trout, pulled a 42 percent television rating in Japan. Nearly 28 percent of current MLB players were born outside the United States.