Alpine Skiing in 1931: First FIS world championships, Murren

Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936, a combined event only; the modern four-discipline program was complete in 1988 Alpine skiing is the sport of descending a marked mountain course against the clock, one racer at a time, through a sequence of gates that must all be passed. There is no opponent to block, no ball to contest and no way to hide: the mountain sets the problem, the course-setter complicates it, and the stopwatch delivers a verdict in hundredths of a second. That brutal simplicity has made it the anchor sport of the Winter Olympics and the defining winter obsession of the Alps, where a January downhill in Kitzbuhel can draw a bigger television audience in Austria than any football match played that year.

The sport is really four sports wearing one name. Slalom asks for 55 to 75 direction changes in under a minute on skis 165 centimetres long. Giant slalom stretches the rhythm and doubles the speed. Super-G removes the training runs entirely, forcing racers to attack a course they have only inspected on foot. Downhill hands them 800 to 1,100 metres of vertical drop, jumps that carry 60 metres of air, and speeds above 140 km/h. A racer who wins in all four in one season is doing something closer to winning the 100 metres and the marathon than to winning two events.

Its geography is narrow and its intensity is total. Austria, Switzerland, Italy, France and Norway supply most of the podiums, and the World Cup circuit tours the same valleys every winter, with the Lauberhorn at Wengen and the Streif at Kitzbuhel functioning as the sport's Wimbledon and Monaco combined. The price of admission is high: FIS injury data suggests a top racer risks a serious injury roughly once every three seasons, and almost every great career on the all-time list contains at least one reconstructed knee. Racers accept it because nothing else in sport feels like a clean run down the Streif.