Buildings
Structure, lining, insulation or finish depending on family.
聚氨酯泡沫 earns its keep in systems: a beam, a batt, a fibre blend, a coated steel — rarely a lone coupon.
Products below are cultural landmarks as much as SKUs.
行业
Transport
Mass, fire and fatigue rewrite the grade list.
Energy
Heat, voltage and hydrogen compatibility.
Consumer
The volume that pays for the mill.
Medical / food
When allowed — extractables and allergies matter.
Defence / safety
Ballistics, FR clothing, fire stops.
产品
Otto Bayer
1937
Refrigerator cabinet
1960s–
PIR foil board
1990s–
Spray foam gun
1970s–
SIP panel
1980s–
Car seat foam
1960s–
HFO molecule era
2010s
Sandwich panel
1970s–
配对
mineral-wool
The A1 alternative with higher λ.
vacuum-insulation
Thinner than PIR at a price.
intumescent
The coating that sometimes protects foam cores.
nomex
FR fibre vs FR foam — different jobs.
If the pairing is wrong, the material will be blamed for a system fault.