饼图与环形图把值编码为扇形的角度与面积。普莱费尔 1801；南丁格尔鸡冠图 1858 是极坐标近亲。
工作报告、广告与作业中适合构成有意义整体的两到五个部分。若很多相近切片、3D 饼或两张饼互比，换一种形式。
Rules
- 规则 1 — Use 扇形的角度与面积 as one channel, not two.
- 规则 2 — Direct labels beat a distant legend.
- 规则 3 — Do not hide zero. If you break the axis, say so.
- 规则 4 — Colour encodes category or magnitude, not both.
- 规则 5 — Put the claim in the title, not just “饼图与环形图”.
- 规则 6 — Source and period, even in small type.
Palette
- 色板 1 — Categories: distinct hues. Sequences: one hue, changing value.
- 色板 2 — Diverging: a neutral centre, emphasis at both ends.
- 色板 3 — One brand colour plus greys beats a rainbow.
- 色板 4 — Check contrast on a projector and in greyscale print.
Type
- 文字 1 — Tabular figures for numbers. Do not pour body copy into the chart.
- 文字 2 — Titles as sentences; axes as short nouns.
- 文字 3 — For CJK, drop weight one step and leave tracking.
饼图与环形图: honour 扇形的角度与面积, and switch when 很多相近切片、3D 饼或两张饼互比.