Tarta y donut codifica valores como ángulo (y área) de un sector. Playfair 1801; el coxcomb de Nightingale, 1858, es primo polar.
En informes, anuncios y tareas: dos a cinco partes que suman un todo. Evite cuando muchas porciones parecidas, 3D o dos tartas.
Rules
- Reglas 1 — Use ángulo (y área) de un sector as one channel, not two.
- Reglas 2 — Direct labels beat a distant legend.
- Reglas 3 — Do not hide zero. If you break the axis, say so.
- Reglas 4 — Colour encodes category or magnitude, not both.
- Reglas 5 — Put the claim in the title, not just “Tarta y donut”.
- Reglas 6 — Source and period, even in small type.
Palette
- Paleta 1 — Categories: distinct hues. Sequences: one hue, changing value.
- Paleta 2 — Diverging: a neutral centre, emphasis at both ends.
- Paleta 3 — One brand colour plus greys beats a rainbow.
- Paleta 4 — Check contrast on a projector and in greyscale print.
Type
- Tipo 1 — Tabular figures for numbers. Do not pour body copy into the chart.
- Tipo 2 — Titles as sentences; axes as short nouns.
- Tipo 3 — For CJK, drop weight one step and leave tracking.
Tarta y donut: honour ángulo (y área) de un sector, and switch when muchas porciones parecidas, 3D o dos tartas.