Las puntuaciones son marcas relativas 0–100 dentro de este atlas. Sirven para explorar, no como especificación de ingeniería.
Ultima revision Fuentes y creditosCréditos de mediosMetodología
Respuestas rapidas
¿Qué autoridad o corredor local importa para este tipo?
Empieza por la lente local: homologación, licencias de operador y hubs — no una checklist global.
Is this a buying guide?
No. Tool-Lifes /vehicles is an educational atlas. It explains history, systems and culture without affiliate rankings.
Are the scores official?
No. The six scores are relative editorial 0–100 marks across the 48 types on this site.
Where do the photos come from?
Lead images resolve from Wikimedia Commons via Wikipedia titles on the English masters, with licences recorded on the credits page.
Why metric units?
Metric is the default. Regional notes (US customary, local brand culture) appear in culture and market chapters.
How is this different from a wiki article?
Each type gets seven fixed-depth chapters, comparable scores and cross-type labs — structured for browsing, not a single freeform page.
En Cohete orbital, propulsión, estructura, control y seguridad comparten el mismo sobre de operación.
Los medidores resumen margen estructural, mantenibilidad y factores humanos en puntuación relativa.
Silueta didáctica con sistemas numerados — a nivel de tipo, no un despiece de modelo.
Sistemas
Estructura
Cohete orbital: First stage lifts off heavy mass; upper stages ignite after separation with lighter structural fraction.
Propulsión
Cohete orbital: Cryogenic LOX/LH2 or RP-1 engines throttle or shut; solids provide high initial impulse.
Energía
Cohete orbital: Inertial navigation and engine gimbals steer through max-Q and insertion burn.
Control
Cohete orbital: Aero shell protects satellites during ascent; adapter releases payload at target orbit.
Interfaz
Cohete orbital: Autonomous destruct commands activate if vehicle flies off hazard corridor.
Seguridad
Cohete orbital: T-0 disconnects fuel, power, and comms; hold-downs release at liftoff.
Medidores relativos
Puntos calientes
Cohete orbital: Engine turbopump
Cohete orbital: Cavitation or bearing failure on main engines triggers abort or RUD.
Cohete orbital: Interstage separation
Cohete orbital: Late or early sep causes collision between stages under thrust.
Cohete orbital: Fairing half deployment
Cohete orbital: Hung fairings add mass and block payload deploy on orbit.
Cohete orbital: GN2 pressurization
Cohete orbital: Tank pressurization loss collapses lines or causes premature engine shutdown.
Cohete orbital: Pad deluge failure
Cohete orbital: Insufficient acoustic suppression damages avionics or structure at liftoff.
Materiales
Cohete orbital: Al-Li tank skins
Cohete orbital: Light alloy tanks with internal stringers carry cryogenic loads.
Cohete orbital: Inconel chamber liners
Cohete orbital: Combustion chambers survive extreme heat flux with regenerative cooling.
Cohete orbital: Carbon composite fairing
Cohete orbital: Light shell splits pneumatically or pyro for payload exposure.
Cohete orbital: Pyrotechnic sep bolts
Cohete orbital: Controlled fracture releases stages at commanded acceleration.