Intumescent coating in 1990s: Water-based architectural · 493

Paints that swell into insulating char — the thin-film way to give steel an R-rating without bulky boards. Intumescent coating is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under fire: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.

Scores compare Intumescent coating with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates. Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.

Intumescent coating (acid source + carbon + spumific (typical APP/PER/MEL)) is a family of grades whose density wet film as specified, heat band designed to foam ~200–300 °C, and fire letter coating on A1 steel; system tested. Intumescent coating is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry acid source + carbon + spumific (typical APP/PER/MEL), density wet film as specified, heat band designed to foam ~200–300 °C.