Graphene in 2010s: CVD copper foils · 463

This atlas treats Graphene as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in. Conductivity note: ~3000–5000 W/m·K in-plane (theory/exp bands). Insulation score 18/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win. Fire letter in editorial use: carbon; not a building product. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.

Origin: Geim & Novoselov 2004, Manchester. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install. Uses span buildings to defence / safety. Pairings matter: carbon-fiber. Circularity mark 42/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year. Related atlas entries, a short glossary, and three threads that keep Graphene honest.

The bulk carbon fibre that already flies. Another Nobel-adjacent material with clearer insulation math. The conductor graphene is supposed to beat in thin films. The other lab-to-fab energy material. EN 13501-1 reaction-to-fire letter (A1–F), not a wall rating. Thermal conductivity in W/m·K. Lower means better bulk insulation.