Blacksmith in 1500: The forge at the economy's centre

Do blacksmiths still exist, and what do they make? Yes — but almost none of them shoe horses or make nails. Modern blacksmiths forge architectural work such as gates, railings, balustrades and staircases, one-off sculpture, custom knives and tools, film and theatre props, and like-for-like restorations of historic ironwork. Industry forges its parts by machine; the hand trade survives at the custom, artistic and heritage end of the market.

How long does it take to become a blacksmith? You can forge a hook in a weekend course; making a living takes years. Germany's regulated apprenticeship in metal design runs three and a half years, the UK's degree and college routes take two to three, and most working smiths say real fluency — moving metal without hesitation — arrives somewhere between three and five years of daily forging, with mastery a decade out.

Modestly, with a long tail. Employed and independent smiths in the US mostly earn in the $35,000–60,000 range (2024); UK workshop smiths commonly £25,000–35,000. Established architectural studios and well-known bladesmiths can earn well into six figures on commissions, while village smiths in the informal economies of South Asia and Africa earn a small fraction of these numbers.