Mary Celeste (1861): Launched as Amazon · 489

In December 1872 the brigantine Mary Celeste was found under sail near the Azores with cargo intact and no one aboard; Gibraltar’s salvage court never established why ten people had left. Mary Celeste, a Canadian-built brigantine then under American ownership, left New York on 7 November 1872 for Genoa with a cargo of 1,701 barrels of denatured alcohol. Her master was Captain Benjamin Spooner Briggs. With him sailed his wife, Sarah Elizabeth Briggs, their two-year-old daughter Sophia Matilda, and a crew of seven. The last entry in the ship’s log slate was dated 25 November, when the vessel was near the island of Santa Maria in the Azores.

On 4 December 1872 — 5 December by some deck clocks — the British brigantine Dei Gratia, Captain David Morehouse, sighted a ship under partial sail several hundred miles east of the Azores. First mate Oliver Deveau boarded and found Mary Celeste abandoned: no one on deck or below, the yawl or small boat missing, personal effects and most cargo still there, and a hull that was still seaworthy enough to be sailed to Gibraltar. Dei Gratia’s men brought her in as salvage.

A Vice-Admiralty salvage hearing opened at Gibraltar under Attorney-General Frederick Solly-Flood. The court paid a salvage award but never found a cause for the abandonment. Theories — alcohol vapour, a seiche or waterspout, a feared explosion, a missing boat in a rising sea — remain unproved. Arthur Conan Doyle’s 1884 fiction “J. Habakuk Jephson’s Statement” renamed the ship Marie Celeste and taught English readers a ghost story the salvage file does not support.