Mary Celeste (1861): Launched as Amazon

On 4 December 1872 — 5 December by some deck clocks — the British brigantine Dei Gratia, Captain David Morehouse, sighted a ship under partial sail several hundred miles east of the Azores. First mate Oliver Deveau boarded and found Mary Celeste abandoned: no one on deck or below, the yawl or small boat missing, personal effects and most cargo still there, and a hull that was still seaworthy enough to be sailed to Gibraltar. Dei Gratia’s men brought her in as salvage.

A Vice-Admiralty salvage hearing opened at Gibraltar under Attorney-General Frederick Solly-Flood. The court paid a salvage award but never found a cause for the abandonment. Theories — alcohol vapour, a seiche or waterspout, a feared explosion, a missing boat in a rising sea — remain unproved. Arthur Conan Doyle’s 1884 fiction “J. Habakuk Jephson’s Statement” renamed the ship Marie Celeste and taught English readers a ghost story the salvage file does not support.

Mary Celeste is the type derelict: a boarded brigantine, a missing boat, a suspicious law officer and a century of stories that added pirates Conan Doyle never found in the Gibraltar paper. Deveau’s boarding notes, later read in court, described a ship that could still be pumped and sailed. Sails were set in a disordered way. The main peak halyard was parted. There was water in the hold, not enough in the salvage testimony to explain a panic by itself. The chronometer, sextant and some papers were missing; the logbook remained. Nine of the alcohol barrels were later reported empty or leaking.