Salmon in : Pacific Oncorhynchus split

What did the Elwha dam removals show? After 2011-14, sediment flushed and salmon recolonised reaches above the old dams faster than some models feared -- a rare full-height teardown. Are hatcheries a solution or a delay? They keep harvest numbers up and can dilute wild fitness. The argument is now about proportions, not existence.

Why are Atlantic salmon a different politics? Wild S. salar collapsed in much of Europe and New England. Farmed Atlantic salmon in net pens are a separate industry with sea-louse and escape files. Many Alaska runs are still large and limited-entry managed. That success is not transferable to a heavily dammed Columbia without the same habitat.

Olfactory imprinting on natal water plus celestial and magnetic cues. A ladder that smells wrong is a closed door. Did Boldt (1974) change more than courtrooms? US v. Washington affirmed treaty harvest shares for tribes. Allocation, not biology, became the daily salmon fight in Puget Sound.