Pufferfish in 2021: Reef puffer heat notes

Why was Takifugu rubripes sequenced so early? A compact genome (about 400 Mb) made it a 2002 model in Nature -- a puffer as a human-genome shortcut, not a menu story. The fish gulps water into a specialised stomach diverticulum. Spines (in some species) erect. It is a mechanical jam, not a bluff only.

Much evidence points to bacterial and food-chain accumulation. Captive-raised puffers can be far less toxic -- a husbandry fact that complicates folklore. Japan requires training and exams after 20th-century restaurant deaths. The licence is a public-health instrument, not a gourmet badge.

Are aquarium puffers the same as fugu? Hobbyists keep freshwater and brackish tetraodontids (e.g. figure-eight, Mbu). They share the beak and inflate; they are not all Takifugu. Four fused tooth plates continuously grow and must be worn on hard prey -- a dental bill, not a cartoon.