Spaced repetition in 1885: Spacing effect

Spaced repetition: What does the evidence actually say? Ebbinghaus showed savings on relearning; Cepeda et al. found expanding gaps beat cramming for delayed tests; Leitner and SuperMemo turned the idea into boxes and algorithms. It fits listing, definition and formula items that return on later papers. It does not grade a proof you have never written.

Spaced repetition: How fast is a first honest gain? A first honest lift is often two to three weeks of daily reviews, not the first night of card-making. Spaced repetition: What do beginners usually break? They write encyclopedic cards, never fail a card, or pause the deck for a week and then blame the algorithm.

Spaced repetition: Which tools are enough to start? A deck, a daily time box, and a rule that one card holds one fact. Paper Leitner boxes work if you actually move the cards. Spaced repetition: Who should not start here? Someone who still lacks a source outline, or who needs a motor skill rather than a nameable fact.