Vacuum insulated panel in 2010s: Historic retrofit

A sealed vacuum sandwich — λ around 0.004–0.008 W/m·K until the envelope leaks. Vacuum insulated panel is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under thermal: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue. Scores compare Vacuum insulated panel with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.

Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number. Vacuum insulated panel (fumed silica / fibreglass core + foil barrier) is a family of grades whose density 150–250 kg/m³ panels, heat band core inorganic; envelope polymer/foil, and fire letter system-dependent; core often A1-ish, skins not.

Vacuum insulated panel is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry fumed silica / fibreglass core + foil barrier, density 150–250 kg/m³ panels, heat band core inorganic; envelope polymer/foil. This atlas treats Vacuum insulated panel as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.